{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T13:03:25Z","timestamp":1792155805511,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,20]],"date-time":"2013-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1361318400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"abstract":"\n The consumption of green tea (\n C<\/jats:styled-content>\n amellia sinensis<\/jats:italic>\n ) has been shown to have many physiological and pharmacological health benefits. In the past two decades several studies have reported that epigallocatechin\u20103\u2010gallate (\n EGCG<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), the main constituent of green tea, has anti\u2010infective properties. Antiviral activities of\n EGCG<\/jats:styled-content>\n with different modes of action have been demonstrated on diverse families of viruses, such as\n \n R<\/jats:styled-content>\n etroviridae\n <\/jats:italic>\n ,\n \n O<\/jats:styled-content>\n rthomyxoviridae\n <\/jats:italic>\n and\n \n F<\/jats:styled-content>\n laviviridae\n <\/jats:italic>\n and include important human pathogens like human immunodeficiency virus, influenza\n A<\/jats:styled-content>\n virus and the hepatitis\n C<\/jats:styled-content>\n virus. Furthermore, the molecule interferes with the replication cycle of\n DNA<\/jats:styled-content>\n viruses like hepatitis\n B<\/jats:styled-content>\n virus, herpes simplex virus and adenovirus. Most of these studies demonstrated antiviral properties within physiological concentrations of\n EGCG<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2005\n in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n . In contrast, the minimum inhibitory concentrations against bacteria were 10\u2013100\u2010fold higher. Nevertheless, the antibacterial effects of\n EGCG<\/jats:styled-content>\n alone and in combination with different antibiotics have been intensively analysed against a number of bacteria including multidrug\u2010resistant strains such as methicillin\u2010resistant\n \n S<\/jats:styled-content>\n taphylococcus aureus\n <\/jats:italic>\n or\n \n S<\/jats:styled-content>\n tenotrophomonas maltophilia\n <\/jats:italic>\n . Furthermore, the catechin\n EGCG<\/jats:styled-content>\n has antifungal activity against human\u2010pathogenic yeasts like\n \n C<\/jats:styled-content>\n andida albicans\n <\/jats:italic>\n . Although the mechanistic effects of\n EGCG<\/jats:styled-content>\n are not fully understood, there are results indicating that\n EGCG<\/jats:styled-content>\n binds to lipid membranes and affects the folic acid metabolism of bacteria and fungi by inhibiting the cytoplasmic enzyme dihydrofolate reductase. This review summarizes the current knowledge and future perspectives on the antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral effects of the green tea constituent\n EGCG<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,17]],"date-time":"2012-10-17T00:02:16Z","timestamp":1350432136000},"page":"1059-1073","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":515,"title":["Anti\u2010infective properties of epigallocatechin\u20103\u2010gallate (\n EGCG<\/scp>\n ), a component of green tea"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"168","author":[{"given":"J","family":"Steinmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical Microbiology University Hospital Essen University of Duisburg\u2010Essen Essen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Buer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical 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