{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T03:39:06Z","timestamp":1794368346169,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":263,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,26]],"date-time":"2013-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1374796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNFs<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      are major mediators of inflammation and inflammation\u2010related diseases, hence, the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">U<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      nited\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      tates\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">F<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ood and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      rug\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      dministration (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FDA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) has approved the use of blockers of the cytokine,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010\u03b1, for the treatment of osteoarthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis and ankylosis. These drugs include the chimeric\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      antibody (infliximab), humanized\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010\u03b1 antibody (Humira) and soluble\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      receptor\u2010\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (Enbrel) and are associated with a total cumulative market value of more than $20 billion\u2009a year. As well as being expensive ($15\u2009000\u201320\u2009000 per person per year), these drugs have to be injected and have enough adverse effects to be given a black label warning by the\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FDA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . In the current report, we describe an alternative, curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a component of turmeric (\n                      <jats:italic>\n                        <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>\n                        urcuma longa\n                      <\/jats:italic>\n                      ) that is very inexpensive, orally bioavailable and highly safe in humans, yet can block\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010\u03b1 action and production in\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      models, in animal models and in humans. In addition, we provide evidence for curcumin's activities against all of the diseases for which\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      blockers are currently being used. Mechanisms by which curcumin inhibits the production and the cell signalling pathways activated by this cytokine are also discussed. With health\u2010care costs and safety being major issues today, this golden spice may help provide the solution.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Linked Articles<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This article is part of a themed section on Emerging Therapeutic Aspects in Oncology. To view the other articles in this section visit\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" xlink:href=\"10.1111\/bph.2013.169.issue-8\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1111\/bph.2013.169.issue\u20108<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,20]],"date-time":"2013-02-20T07:58:03Z","timestamp":1361347083000},"page":"1672-1692","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":355,"title":["Curcumin: an orally bioavailable blocker of\n                    <scp>TNF<\/scp>\n                    and other pro\u2010inflammatory biomarkers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"169","author":[{"given":"Bharat B","family":"Aggarwal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cytokine Research Laboratory Department of Experimental Therapeutics The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center  Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subash C","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cytokine Research Laboratory Department of Experimental Therapeutics The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center  Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bokyung","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cytokine Research Laboratory Department of Experimental Therapeutics The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center  Houston TX USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/phrs.1998.0404"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.14.4753"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1184"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)43716-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/318665a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)89560-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-04-325225"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.105.017400"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2008.11.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","first-page":"1201","article-title":"Management of chronic anterior uveitis relapses: efficacy of oral phospholipidic curcumin treatment. Long\u2010term follow\u2010up","volume":"4","author":"Allegri P","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Ophthalmol"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","first-page":"201","article-title":"The effect of curcumin on lipid level in patients with acute coronary syndrome","volume":"40","author":"Alwi I","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Med Indones"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2011.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/mp700113r"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"Potential role of curcumin phytosome (Meriva) in controlling the evolution of diabetic microangiopathy. A pilot study","volume":"53","author":"Appendino G","year":"2011","journal-title":"Panminerva Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2009.03.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200565160-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/pho.2009.2637"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2011.08.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M409024200"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2011.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.016873-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1665-2681(19)31521-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/jcp.0b013e318160862c"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/cbt.9.1.10392"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","first-page":"337","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of Meriva(R), a curcumin\u2010phosphatidylcholine complex, during extended administration in osteoarthritis patients","volume":"15","author":"Belcaro G","year":"2010","journal-title":"Altern Med Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","first-page":"55","article-title":"Product\u2010evaluation registry of Meriva\u00ae, a curcumin\u2010phosphatidylcholine complex, for the complementary management of osteoarthritis","volume":"52","author":"Belcaro G","year":"2010","journal-title":"Panminerva Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0015099"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/316552a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1656049"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20348"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327109359020"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000211314"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)90999-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01343.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.256180"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/acm.2004.10.1015"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2009.04.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2008.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2006.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.83.6.1670"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-10-0098"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.72.9.3666"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2007.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(95)00171-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(98)00114-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.4639"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000161127"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0968051907078605"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_50_1","first-page":"2052","article-title":"Effects of TNF\u2010alpha and curcumin on the expression of VEGF in Raji and U937 cells and on angiogenesis in ECV304 cells","volume":"118","author":"Chen WH","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_51_1","first-page":"2895","article-title":"Phase I clinical trial of curcumin, a chemopreventive agent, in patients with high\u2010risk or pre\u2010malignant lesions","volume":"21","author":"Cheng AL","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-008-9734-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_53_1","first-page":"469","article-title":"Curcumin attenuates the expression of IL\u20101beta, IL\u20106, and TNF\u2010alpha as well as cyclin E in TNF\u2010alpha\u2010treated HaCaT cells; NF\u2010kappaB and MAPKs as potential upstream targets","volume":"19","author":"Cho JW","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-0116"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08923970903164318"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200939052"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2006.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.162.6.2163"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-006-9138-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_61_1","first-page":"632","article-title":"Preliminary study on antirheumatic activity of curcumin (diferuloyl methane)","volume":"71","author":"Deodhar SD","year":"1980","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-08-0024"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-5378.2007.00497.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_64_1","first-page":"315","article-title":"A pilot study of the antioxidant effect of curcumin in tropical pancreatitis","volume":"122","author":"Durgaprasad S","year":"2005","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2011.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2011.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01635581.2010.513802"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114509992510"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2006.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117345"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/SQB.1986.051.01.071"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_72_1","first-page":"216","article-title":"Alternative therapies commonly used within a population of patients with psoriasis","volume":"58","author":"Fleischer AB","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/np050327j"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2004.03.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.120.14.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.16.1.8998076"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-08-2217"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf9024807"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.1206727"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199503023320907"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0442.2006.00786.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2008.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0192-0561(99)00050-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c1np00051a"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-012-9432-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114511005769"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00354.2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/138161209788489177"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2006.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199603283341307"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910340219"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1211\/jpp.60.1.0011"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3835(97)00205-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/07357907.2010.550592"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_95_1","first-page":"S102","article-title":"The contribution of Rudolf Virchow to the concept of inflammation: what is still of importance?","volume":"19","author":"Heidland A","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Nephrol"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2000.03767.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-005-3032-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.21147"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-006-0067-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2008.2140"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_102_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Curcumin: clinical trial finds no antiviral effect","author":"James JS","year":"1996","journal-title":"AIDS Treat News"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2001-16482"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-198937010-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_105_1","first-page":"132","article-title":"[Protective effects of curcumin on neonatal rats with necrotizing enterocolitis]","volume":"12","author":"Jia SH","year":"2010","journal-title":"Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_106_1","first-page":"1353","article-title":"[Modulation of intestinal mucosal inflammatory factors by curcumin in rats with colitis]","volume":"24","author":"Jian YT","year":"2004","journal-title":"Di Yi Jun Yi Da Xue Xue Bao"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i24.3848"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_108_1","first-page":"399","article-title":"[Effects of curcumin on TNF\u2010alpha and TGF\u2010beta1 in serum and lung tissue of SiO2\u2010induced fibrosis in mice]","volume":"25","author":"Jiang ZY","year":"2009","journal-title":"Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.2000.279.3.G641"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7254.2007.00651.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20717"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.6.3474"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1006877928703"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2009.10.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00280-010-1470-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365599.2011.585622"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2011.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.111.044123"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-11-1272"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0b013e31805559b9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.22.8830"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.88.13.5759"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2010.04.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_124_1","first-page":"601","article-title":"Curcuma longa Linn. in the treatment of gastric ulcer comparison to liquid antacid: a controlled clinical trial","volume":"76","author":"Kositchaiwat C","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.14.354"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4781(94)90066-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.12.6577"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-2952(97)00557-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.7.4045"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.22.24.8626-8634.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/1744666X.3.2.171"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2007.12.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-7961-5-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/030089168707300105"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21710"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1573(199906)13:4<318::AID-PTR445>3.0.CO;2-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1099-1573(200009)14:6<443::AID-PTR619>3.0.CO;2-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.90365.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_139_1","first-page":"937","article-title":"Neuroprotective effect of curcumin is mainly mediated by blockade of microglial cell activation","volume":"62","author":"Lee HS","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmazie"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1667\/RR1522.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9343","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)92822-X","article-title":"Identification of a tumor necrosis factor\u2010responsive element in the tumor necrosis factor alpha gene","volume":"266","author":"Leitman DC","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_142_1","first-page":"77","article-title":"Studies on the role of some synthetic curcuminoid derivatives in the inhibition of tumour specific angiogenesis","volume":"22","author":"Leyon PV","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2007.12.068"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_144_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2009.00711.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.01751-05"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_146_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The immuno\u2010inflammatory reaction in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis: characterisation, genetics and clinical application. Focus on TNF alpha","volume":"64","author":"Louis E","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Gastroenterol Belg"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-008-9949-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520802449302"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)43833-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2982.2007.00928.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.107.018754"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2009.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-009-0063-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_154_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.10.5767"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_155_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2008-0012OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_156_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.34.974"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_157_1","first-page":"118","article-title":"Epidemiology of digestive tract cancers in India. V. Large and small bowel","volume":"18","author":"Mohandas KM","year":"1999","journal-title":"Indian J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.29.1470"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_159_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2008.08.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_160_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2010.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_161_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2011.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(94)00394-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_163_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.32.8.913"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_164_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.8.4518"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_165_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2004.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_166_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1358\/mf.2009.31.2.1357705"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_167_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00230.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_168_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0996-998"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_169_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.56.1.27"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_170_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.20797"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_171_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03044726"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_172_1","first-page":"761","article-title":"Monoacetylcurcumin strongly regulates inflammatory responses through inhibition of NF\u2010kappaB activation","volume":"25","author":"Nishida M","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_173_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114508009847"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_174_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/26.23.5480"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_175_1","first-page":"1169","article-title":"Action of bacterial polysaccharide on tumors. II. Damage of sarcoma 37 by serum of mice treated with serratia marcescens polysaccharide, and induced tolerance","volume":"29","author":"O'Malley WE","year":"1962","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_176_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2010.07.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_177_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2413547"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_178_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)98193-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_179_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2012.01854.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_180_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.med.51.1.289"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_181_1","first-page":"115","article-title":"Protective role of tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) an active principle of turmeric on chloroquine induced hepatotoxicity in rats","volume":"8","author":"Pari L","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pharm Pharm Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_182_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1290\/1543-706X(2003)039<0036:COAEOE>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_183_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/7.2.107"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_184_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117482"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_185_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/26.10.2291"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_186_1","first-page":"208","article-title":"Phase II clinical trial on effect of the long turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn) on healing of peptic ulcer","volume":"32","author":"Prucksunand C","year":"2001","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_187_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2334\/josnusd.52.251"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_188_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.26.1021"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_189_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2009.06.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_190_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2036.1999.00464.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_191_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-483X(95)03199-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_192_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2009.04731.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_193_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12263-011-0222-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_194_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205053585882"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_195_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00449.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_196_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2007.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_197_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.34.660"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_198_1","first-page":"651","article-title":"Evaluation of anti\u2010inflammatory property of curcumin (diferuloyl methane) in patients with postoperative inflammation","volume":"24","author":"Satoskar RR","year":"1986","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_199_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09546630410017284"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_200_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2007.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_201_1","first-page":"1894","article-title":"Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic study of oral Curcuma extract in patients with colorectal cancer","volume":"7","author":"Sharma RA","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_202_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-04-0744"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_203_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-46401-5_20"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_204_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.2070"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_205_1","first-page":"461","article-title":"Chemical treatment of tumors. IX. Reactions of mice with primary subcutaneous tumors to injection of a hemorrhage\u2010producing bacterial polysaccharide","volume":"4","author":"Shear MJ","year":"1944","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_206_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-008-0550-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_207_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2005.04.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_208_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.tp.0000183290.64309.21"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_209_1","first-page":"1421","article-title":"[The study of therapeutic effects of curcumin on hepatic fibrosis and variation of correlated cytokine]","volume":"30","author":"Shu JC","year":"2007","journal-title":"Zhong Yao Cai"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_210_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000221921.71300.BF"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_211_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.42.24995"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_212_1","first-page":"222","article-title":"Cancer risk and diet in India","volume":"49","author":"Sinha R","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Postgrad Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_213_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012969"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_214_1","first-page":"273","article-title":"Effect of oral curcumin administration on serum peroxides and cholesterol levels in human volunteers","volume":"36","author":"Soni KB","year":"1992","journal-title":"Indian J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_215_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12640-011-9249-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_216_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042-7158.1973.tb09131.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_217_1","first-page":"269","article-title":"Effect of curcumin on blood sugar as seen in a diabetic subject","volume":"26","author":"Srinivasan M","year":"1972","journal-title":"Indian J Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_218_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.159.3.828"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_219_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2005.05.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_220_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.37050"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_221_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2012.03.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_222_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.63.4.1529-1534.1995","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide\u2010inducible and salicylate\u2010sensitive nuclear factor(s) on human tumor necrosis factor alpha promoter","volume":"63","author":"Takashiba S","year":"1995","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_223_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1996.0450"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_224_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.11.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_225_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2008.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_226_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600760506"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_227_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.16.2.459"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_228_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.16.10.5232"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_229_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2011.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_230_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.33.21178"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_231_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0705241"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_232_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-009-0843-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_233_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.05.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_234_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00126839-200809040-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_235_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357a","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V110.11.1177.1177","article-title":"Curcumin downregulates NF\u2010\u03baB and related genes in patients with multiple myeloma: results of a phase 1\/2 study","volume":"110","author":"Vadhan\u2010Raj S","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_236_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-07-2693"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_237_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.i7.1103"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_238_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201000225"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_239_1","first-page":"89","article-title":"Cytotoxins (tumour necrosis factor, lymphotoxin and others): molecular and functional characteristics and interactions with interferons","volume":"7","author":"Wallach D","year":"1986","journal-title":"Interferon"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_240_1","first-page":"604","article-title":"[Curcumin attenuated the lipid peroxidation and apoptotic liver injury in copper\u2010overloaded rats]","volume":"45","author":"Wan XH","year":"2007","journal-title":"Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_241_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3856324"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_242_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-3988(09)60019-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_243_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/cyto.1996.0046"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_244_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-9-43"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_245_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2006.11.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_246_1","first-page":"4263","article-title":"Docking prediction for tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1 and five herbal inhibitors","volume":"2","author":"Wua ST","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Eng Sci Technol"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_247_1","first-page":"49","article-title":"Curcumin inhibits IL1 alpha and TNF\u2010alpha induction of AP\u20101 and NF\u2010kB DNA\u2010binding activity in bone marrow stromal cells","volume":"11","author":"Xu YX","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hematopathol Mol Hematol"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_248_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2010.06.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_249_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.9.4878"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_250_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2010.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_251_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.27.198"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_252_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2004.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_253_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0632379"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_254_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2006.03.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_255_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2009.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_256_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10529-009-0153-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_257_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.18.5.2815"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_258_1","first-page":"454","article-title":"[The effects of curcumin derivative on experimental steatohepatitis]","volume":"19","author":"Zeng CH","year":"2011","journal-title":"Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_259_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2009.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_260_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2008.09.067"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_261_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7254.2006.00322.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_262_1","first-page":"84","article-title":"[Reducing effect of curcumin on expressions of TNF\u2010alpha, IL\u20106 and IL\u20108 in rats with chronic nonbacterial prostatitis]","volume":"16","author":"Zhang QY","year":"2010","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_263_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2010.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_264_1","first-page":"119","article-title":"Immune modulation by lactoferrin and curcumin in children with recurrent respiratory infections","volume":"23","author":"Zuccotti GV","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biol Regul Homeost Agents"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fbph.12131","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/bph.12131","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T11:47:29Z","timestamp":1694432849000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/bph.12131"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,26]]},"references-count":263,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/bph.12131"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bph.12131","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1188","1476-5381"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1188","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5381","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-12-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-02-04","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-07-26","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}