{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T09:38:59Z","timestamp":1790674739326,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,25]],"date-time":"2013-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1366848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"abstract":"\n Background and Purpose<\/jats:title>\n \n Nuclear factor erythroid 2\u2010related factor (\n N<\/jats:styled-content>\n rf2) is a transcription factor that up\u2010regulates a diverse array of antioxidant genes and protects cells from oxidative damage. This study is designed to determine whether\n D<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n L<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n s<\/jats:styled-content>\n ulforaphane (\n SFN<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) can protect neural crest cells (\n NCCs<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), an ethanol\u2010sensitive cell population implicated in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, against ethanol\u2010induced apoptosis and whether protective effects of\n SFN<\/jats:styled-content>\n are mediated by the induction of\n N<\/jats:styled-content>\n rf2\u2010mediated antioxidant response.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Experimental Approach<\/jats:title>\n \n Control,\n SFN<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010treated or\n N<\/jats:styled-content>\n rf2\u2010\n siRNA<\/jats:styled-content>\n transfected\n NCCs<\/jats:styled-content>\n were exposed to ethanol.\n N<\/jats:styled-content>\n rf2 activation, the expression and activities of\n N<\/jats:styled-content>\n rf2 downstream antioxidant proteins, reactive oxygen species generation and apoptosis were determined in control and ethanol\u2010exposed\n NCCs<\/jats:styled-content>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Key Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Exposure of\n NCCs<\/jats:styled-content>\n to\n SFN<\/jats:styled-content>\n alone significantly increased\n N<\/jats:styled-content>\n rf2 activation and the expression of\n N<\/jats:styled-content>\n rf2 downstream antioxidants as well as the activities of the antioxidant enzymes. Treatment of\n NCCs<\/jats:styled-content>\n with\n SFN<\/jats:styled-content>\n along with ethanol significantly decreased ethanol\u2010induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. In contrast, knockdown of\n N<\/jats:styled-content>\n rf2 by\n siRNA<\/jats:styled-content>\n significantly increased the sensitivity of\n NCCs<\/jats:styled-content>\n to ethanol\u2010induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. Suppression of\n N<\/jats:styled-content>\n rf2 signalling in\n NCCs<\/jats:styled-content>\n also significantly diminished\n SFN<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010mediated antioxidant response and abolished the protective effects of\n SFN<\/jats:styled-content>\n on ethanol\u2010induced oxidative stress and apoptosis.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions and Implications<\/jats:title>\n \n These results demonstrated that\n N<\/jats:styled-content>\n rf2\u2010mediated antioxidant response plays an important role in the susceptibility of\n NCCs<\/jats:styled-content>\n to ethanol\u2010induced oxidative stress and apoptosis and that the protection of\n SFN<\/jats:styled-content>\n against ethanol\u2010induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in\n NCCs<\/jats:styled-content>\n is mediated by the induction of\n N<\/jats:styled-content>\n rf2 signalling.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,20]],"date-time":"2013-02-20T07:58:05Z","timestamp":1361347085000},"page":"437-448","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Sulforaphane protects against ethanol\u2010induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in neural crest cells by the induction of\n N<\/scp>\n rf2\u2010mediated antioxidant response"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"169","author":[{"given":"X","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u2010Y","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Biology and Pharmacology University of Illinois College of Medicine Peoria IL USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.1991.52.448"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf900549c"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.30009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1995.tb01519.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-61779-867-2_17"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1996.tb01948.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)39048-2","article-title":"Iron\u2010mediated free radical injury in ethanol\u2010exposed mouse neural crest cells","volume":"294","author":"Chen SY","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.03-0850fje"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-009-9162-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","first-page":"22","article-title":"Critical periods for prenatal alcohol exposure: evidence from animal and human studies","volume":"18","author":"Coles C","year":"1994","journal-title":"Alcohol Health Res World"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08195"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20793"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.172398899"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2007.2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016845"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2001.tb02156.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","first-page":"59","volume-title":"Alcohol and Alcoholism: Effects on Brain and Development","author":"Goodlett C","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12038-008-0098-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.106.110866"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfm081"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/tx800019a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/Henderson"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/tx0502138"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.103.064261"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2005.11.050"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035505"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.46.120604.141046"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1358\/dnp.2005.18.7.939350"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320440210"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420520304"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1206077"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3817-03.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.111.071126"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00209.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.20465"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfs164"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2006.051113"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","first-page":"27","volume-title":"Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: From Mechanism to Prevention","author":"Maier SE","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-0436.2007.00164.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2008.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022499"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.111.073262"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R900010200"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj20030754"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M804597200"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.051618798"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.052647"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","first-page":"287","article-title":"Alcohol\u2010induced cell death in the embryo","volume":"21","author":"Smith SM","year":"1997","journal-title":"Alcohol Health Res World"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.22307"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","first-page":"68","article-title":"Application of sulforaphane \u2013 does it lead to improvement of islet graft survival after warm and\/or cold ischemia","volume":"9","author":"Solowiej E","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Transplant"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6795717"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2011.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-46954-6_13"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2012.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2010.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2008.02.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1683-07.2007"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fbph.12133","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/bph.12133","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T17:46:42Z","timestamp":1745948802000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/bph.12133"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,25]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/bph.12133"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bph.12133","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1188","1476-5381"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1188","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5381","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-08-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-02-04","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-04-25","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}