{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T18:47:37Z","timestamp":1792090057870,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,15]],"date-time":"2013-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1376524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Mast cell stabilizing drugs inhibit the release of allergic mediators from mast cells and are used clinically to prevent allergic reactions to common allergens. Despite the relative success of the most commonly prescribed mast cell stabilizer, disodium cromoglycate, in use for the preventative treatment of bronchial asthma, allergic conjunctivitis and vernal keratoconjunctivitis, there still remains an urgent need to design new substances that are less expensive and require less frequent dosing schedules. In this regard, recent developments towards the discovery of the next generation of mast cell stabilizing drugs has included studies on substances isolated from natural sources, biological, newly synthesized compounds and drugs licensed for other indications. The diversity of natural products evaluated range from simple phenols, alkaloids, terpenes to simple amino acids. While in some cases their precise mode of action remains unknown it has nevertheless sparked interest in the development of synthetic derivatives with improved pharmacological properties. Within the purely synthetic class of inhibitors, particular attention has been devoted to the inhibition of important signalling molecules including spleen TK and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J<\/jats:styled-content><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AK3<\/jats:styled-content>. The statin class of cholesterol\u2010lowering drugs as well as nilotinib, a TK inhibitor, are just some examples of clinically used drugs that have been evaluated for their anti\u2010allergic properties. Here, we examine each approach under investigation, summarize the test data generated and offer suggestions for further preclinical evaluation before their therapeutic potential can be realized.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Linked Articles<\/jats:title><jats:p>This article is part of a themed issue on Histamine Pharmacology Update. To view the other articles in this issue visit <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" xlink:href=\"10.1111\/bph.2013.170.issue-1\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/\n10.1111\/bph.2013.170.issue\u20101<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,26]],"date-time":"2013-02-26T17:39:31Z","timestamp":1361900371000},"page":"23-37","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":131,"title":["Twenty\u2010first century mast cell stabilizers"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"170","author":[{"given":"D F","family":"Finn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Trinity College Dublin  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J J","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Trinity College Dublin  Dublin Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2008.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2009.09.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2011.01.073"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/157340611795564222"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706495"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3011.2005.00281.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-0285.2008.00684.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2010.12.095"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2004.07.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2009.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.32.1118"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.32.868"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2007.00502.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.17.9434"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2012.01.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-2478(99)00033-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2004.01613.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/np9601115"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ceca.2006.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1211\/0022357044661"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.11.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2007.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2327"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s000110050421"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.30.2201"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(20)89634-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","first-page":"205","article-title":"Modulation of tryptase and histamine release from human lung mast cells by protease inhibitors","volume":"22","author":"He S","year":"2004","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(00)89065-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2005.11.157"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1185798"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-001-1202-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2007.12.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2010.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2008.02.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2009.02.062"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.107.125237"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2009.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3513","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.148.11.3513","article-title":"Tyrosine phosphorylation is required for mast cell activation by Fc epsilon RI cross\u2010linking","volume":"148","author":"Kawakami T","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706246"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-006-0114-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2010.03.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2009.01.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2007.11.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-011-0847-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2007.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.10300FP"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2000-11107"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2222.2000.00768.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V94.7.2333.419k30_2333_2342"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.31.442"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V52.2.447.447"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2006.00997.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2009.03353.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.70308"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-004-0401-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-010-0196-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2007.12.1160"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/emm.2005.39"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706240"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.10168"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.38.27028"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0896(02)00227-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2007.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0896(99)00058-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2007.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.04.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-59745-366-0_25"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M312885200"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2008.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2006.10.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2009.136"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.23.12539"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/b711141j"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)92289-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2010.06.083"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-8062.2010.00212.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2008.06.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0704662"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2012.116"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000236122"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/IR:34:2:97"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.1992.tb03102.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2006.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-001-2110-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3459","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.6.3459","article-title":"A novel mechanism of action of chemically modified tetracyclines: inhibition of COX\u20102\u2010mediated prostaglandin E2 production","volume":"163","author":"Patel RN","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2481","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.128.6.2481","article-title":"Mucosal mast cells. II. Effects of anti\u2010allergic compounds on histamine secretion by isolated intestinal mast cells","volume":"128","author":"Pearce FL","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2009.03.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/dxn083"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2006.05.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_91_1","first-page":"236","article-title":"Inhibitory activity of indolin\u20102\u2010one derivatives on compound 48\/80\u2010induced histamine release from mast cells","volume":"59","author":"Ruster GU","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pharmazie"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-005-1358-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2009.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0223-5234(99)00113-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2007.09.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2009.08.060"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2009.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.28.2181"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02311087"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5483\/BMBRep.2008.41.6.415"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5881","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.159.12.5881","article-title":"Early and late events in Fc epsilon RI signal transduction in human cultured mast cells","volume":"159","author":"Suzuki H","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2004.07.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.30.388"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0701115"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2012.08.024"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fbph.12138","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/bph.12138","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,13]],"date-time":"2023-09-13T07:36:59Z","timestamp":1694590619000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/bph.12138"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,15]]},"references-count":104,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/bph.12138"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bph.12138","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1188","1476-5381"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1188","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5381","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2012-12-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-02-13","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2013-08-15","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}