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Rats received<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDMA<\/jats:styled-content>(20\u2009mg\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>; i.p.) and were assessed 1, 3 or 24\u2009h later. Rats received<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDMA<\/jats:styled-content>(5 or 20\u2009mg\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>; i.p.) and were assessed 3\u2009h later. In addition, rats received<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDMA<\/jats:styled-content>(5 or 10\u2009mg\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>; i.p.) or saline four times daily over 2 consecutive days and were assessed 8 weeks later. Perfusion\u2010weighted images were generated in a 7 tesla (7T)<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content>scanner and experimental data was fitted to a quantitative model of cerebral perfusion to generate mean transit time (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MTT<\/jats:styled-content>), capillary transit time (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTT<\/jats:styled-content>) and signal amplitude.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDMA<\/jats:styled-content>reduces<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MTT<\/jats:styled-content>and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CTT<\/jats:styled-content>and increases amplitude in somatosensory and motor cortex 1 and 3\u2009h following administration, indicative of an increase in perfusion. Prior exposure to<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDMA<\/jats:styled-content>provoked a long\u2010term reduction in cortical 5\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HT<\/jats:styled-content>concentration, but did not produce a sustained effect on cerebral cortical perfusion. The response to acute<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDMA<\/jats:styled-content>challenge (20\u2009mg\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>; i.p.) was attenuated in these animals indicating adaptation in response to prior<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDMA<\/jats:styled-content>exposure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Implications<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MDMA<\/jats:styled-content>provokes changes in cortical perfusion, which are quantifiable by<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">btASL MRI<\/jats:styled-content>, a neuroimaging tool with translational potential. Future studies are directed towards elucidation of the mechanisms involved and correlating changes in cerebrovascular function with potential behavioural deficits associated with drug use.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,20]],"date-time":"2013-03-20T13:49:24Z","timestamp":1363787364000},"page":"974-987","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["<scp>MDMA<\/scp>\u2018ecstasy\u2019 increases cerebral cortical perfusion determined by bolus\u2010tracking arterial spin labelling (<scp>btASL<\/scp>)<scp>MRI<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"169","author":[{"given":"J","family":"Rouine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience Trinity College Dublin Dublin Ireland"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Trinity College Dublin Dublin 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