{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T15:11:04Z","timestamp":1790694664917,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,24]],"date-time":"2014-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1390521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/3.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Midkine (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MK<\/jats:styled-content>) is a growth factor with neurotrophic and neurite outgrowth activities. It was expressed in the peri\u2010ischaemic area in the acute phase of cerebral infarction in rat brains. Astrocytes were the origin of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MK<\/jats:styled-content> in this occasion. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MK<\/jats:styled-content> has been assessed in terms of its effects on neural injury. The administration of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MK<\/jats:styled-content> into the lateral ventricle immediately prior to ischaemia prevented cell death in the hippocampal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CA1<\/jats:styled-content> neurons degenerated by transient forebrain ischaemia in gerbils. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MK<\/jats:styled-content> administration was also beneficial in rats with neural injury, especially after kainic acid\u2010induced seizures. Gene therapy with mouse <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MK cDNA<\/jats:styled-content> using an adenovirus was effective in reducing the cerebral infarction volume and in increasing the number of neuronal precursor cells in the subventricular zone of the rat brain. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MK mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MK<\/jats:styled-content> protein were found in spinal cord motor neurons of the anterior horn in both the acute phase of sciatic nerve injury and 3 weeks later. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MK<\/jats:styled-content> immunoreactivity was also found in the proximal side of a sciatic nerve\u2010injured site in sciatic nerve axons. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MK<\/jats:styled-content> receptors were expressed in Schwann cells after injury, suggesting crosstalk between axons and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>chwann cells. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MK<\/jats:styled-content> was also present in nerve terminals and influenced <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACh<\/jats:styled-content> receptor clustering during neuromuscular development in <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">X<\/jats:styled-content>enopus<\/jats:italic>. Thus, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MK<\/jats:styled-content> may also be involved in reinforcing and maintaining the synapse. All these findings indicate the therapeutic potential of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MK<\/jats:styled-content> for promoting repair of the nervous system after injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Linked Articles<\/jats:title><jats:p>This article is part of a themed section on Midkine. To view the other articles in this section visit <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"doi\" xlink:href=\"10.1111\/bph.2014.171.issue-4\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1111\/bph.2014.171.issue\u20104<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12497","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,24]],"date-time":"2014-01-24T16:41:28Z","timestamp":1390581688000},"page":"924-930","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Midkine in repair of the injured nervous system"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"171","author":[{"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences Faculty of Medicine Kagoshima University  Kagoshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harutoshi","family":"Sakakima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health Sciences 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