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Histone deacetylase (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDAC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) is an attractive target in liver fibrosis because it plays a key role in gene expression and cell differentiation. We have developed a\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HDAC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      inhibitor,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">N<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010hydroxy\u20107\u2010(2\u2010naphthylthio)heptanomide (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HNHA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), and investigated the anti\u2010fibrotic activity of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HNHA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2005\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Experimental Approach<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We investigated the anti\u2010fibrotic effect of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HNHA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      on mouse and human\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      activation\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      and in the liver of bile duct\u2010ligated (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BDL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) rats\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      using cell proliferation assays, cell cycle analysis, biochemical assay, immunohistochemistry and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">W<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      estern blots. Liver pathology was assessed with histochemical techniques.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HNHA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      inhibited proliferation and arrested the cell cycle via p21 induction in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSCs<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . In addition,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HNHA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      induced apoptosis of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSCs<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , which was correlated with reduced\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COX<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u20102 expression,\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">NF<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010\u03ba\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      activation and cell death signals.\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HNHA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      restored liver function and decreased the accumulation of extracellular matrix in the liver via suppression of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      activation in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BDL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      rats\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HNHA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      administration also increased survival in\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BDL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      rats.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HNHA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      improved liver function, suppressed liver fibrosis and increased survival of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BDL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      rats, accompanied by reduction of cell growth, activation and survival of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSCs<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . These findings show that\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HNHA<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      may be a potent anti\u2010fibrosis agent against hepatic fibrosis because of its multi\u2010targeted inhibition of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HSC<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      activity\n                      <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12590","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,28]],"date-time":"2014-01-28T06:14:48Z","timestamp":1390889688000},"page":"4820-4830","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["A new histone deacetylase inhibitor improves liver fibrosis in\n                    <scp>BDL<\/scp>\n                    rats through suppression of hepatic stellate cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"171","author":[{"given":"Ki Cheong","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul Korea"},{"name":"Department of Surgery Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Hyun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul Korea"},{"name":"Department of Surgery Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeong Yong","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul Korea"},{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine 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Medicine  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung Hoon","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul Korea"},{"name":"Department of Surgery Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12451"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI24282"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"937","article-title":"Histone deacetylase inhibitors all induce p21 but differentially cause tubulin acetylation, mitotic arrest, and cytotoxicity","volume":"1","author":"Blagosklonny MV","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol Cancer 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