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This occurs during the degradation of haem by haem oxygenase (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HO<\/jats:styled-content>) enzymes, a class of ubiquitous proteins consisting of constitutive and inducible isoforms. The constitutive <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HO<\/jats:styled-content>2 is present in the gastrointestinal tract in neurons and interstitial cells of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>ajal and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CO<\/jats:styled-content> released from these cells might contribute to intestinal inhibitory neurotransmission and\/or to the control of intestinal smooth muscle cell membrane potential. On the other hand, increased expression of the inducible <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HO1<\/jats:styled-content> is now recognized as a beneficial response to oxidative stress and inflammation. Among the products of haem metabolism, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CO<\/jats:styled-content> appears to contribute primarily to the antioxidant and anti\u2010inflammatory effects of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HO<\/jats:styled-content>1 pathway explaining the studies conducted to exploit <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CO<\/jats:styled-content> as a possible therapeutic agent. This article reviews the effects and, as far as known today, the mechanism(s) of action of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CO<\/jats:styled-content> administered either as <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CO<\/jats:styled-content> gas or via <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CO<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010releasing molecules in acute gastrointestinal inflammation. We provide here a comprehensive overview on the effect of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CO<\/jats:styled-content> in experimental <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> models of post\u2010operative ileus, intestinal injury during sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis. In addition, we will analyse the <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> data obtained so far on the effect of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CO<\/jats:styled-content> on intestinal epithelial cell lines exposed to cytokines, considering the important role of the intestinal mucosa in the pathology of gastrointestinal inflammation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Linked Articles<\/jats:title><jats:p>This article is part of a themed section on Pharmacology of the Gasotransmitters. To view the other articles in this section visit <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1111\/bph.2015.172.issue-6\">http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1111\/bph.2015.172.issue-6<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12632","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,17]],"date-time":"2014-02-17T11:33:06Z","timestamp":1392636786000},"page":"1557-1573","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["<scp>CO<\/scp> and <scp>CO<\/scp>\u2010releasing molecules (<scp>CO<\/scp>\u2010<scp>RMs<\/scp>) in acute gastrointestinal inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"172","author":[{"given":"D","family":"Babu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Heymans Institute of Pharmacology Ghent University  Gent 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