{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T09:28:11Z","timestamp":1789810091087,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,25]],"date-time":"2014-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1406246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi India","award":["BIOCERAM ESC-0103; NanoSHE BSC 0112"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BIOCERAM ESC-0103; NanoSHE BSC 0112"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"abstract":"Background and Purpose<\/jats:title>The aim of the present study was to evaluate the immunomodulatory and chemotherapeutic potential of alginate\u2010(SA<\/jats:styled-content>) coated nanocapsule (NCs<\/jats:styled-content>) loaded with doxorubicin (SA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010NCs<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010DOX<\/jats:styled-content>) against visceral leishmaniasis in comparison with nano\u2010emulsions containing doxorubicin (NE\u2010DOX<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Experimental Approach<\/jats:title>NE\u2010DOX<\/jats:styled-content>was prepared using low\u2010energy emulsification methods. Stepwise addition of protamine sulphate andSA<\/jats:styled-content>in a layer\u2010by\u2010layer manner was used to formSA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010NCs<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010DOX<\/jats:styled-content>.SA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010NCs<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010DOX<\/jats:styled-content>,NE\u2010DOX<\/jats:styled-content>andF<\/jats:styled-content>reeDOX<\/jats:styled-content>were compared for their cytotoxicity againstLeishmania donovani<\/jats:italic>\u2010infected macrophagesin vitro<\/jats:italic>and generation ofT<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010cell responses in infected hamstersin vivo<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Key Results<\/jats:title>Size and \u03b6 potential of theNE\u2010DOX<\/jats:styled-content>andSA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010NCs<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010DOX<\/jats:styled-content>formulations were 310 \u00b1 2.1\u2009nm and (\u2212)32.6 \u00b1 2.1\u2009mV, 342 \u00b1 4.1\u2009nm and (\u2212)29.3 \u00b1 1.2\u2009mV respectively.SA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010NCs<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010DOX<\/jats:styled-content>was better (1.5 times) taken up byJ<\/jats:styled-content>774A<\/jats:styled-content>.1 macrophages compared withNE\u2010DOX<\/jats:styled-content>.SA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010NCs<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010DOX<\/jats:styled-content>showed greater efficacy thanNE\u2010DOX<\/jats:styled-content>against intramacrophagic amastigotes. SA\u2010NCs\u2010DOX treatment exhibited enhanced apoptotic efficiency than NE\u2010DOX and free DOX as evident by cell cycle analysis, decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, ROS and NO production. T\u2010cell responses, when assessed through lymphoproliferative responses,NO<\/jats:styled-content>production along with enhanced levels ofiNOS<\/jats:styled-content>,TNF<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b1,IFN<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010\u03b3 andIL<\/jats:styled-content>\u201012 were found to be up\u2010regulated afterSA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010NCs<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010DOX,<\/jats:styled-content>compared with responses toNE\u2010DOX<\/jats:styled-content>\u2005in vivo<\/jats:italic>. Parasitic burden was decreased inLeishmania<\/jats:italic>\u2010infected hamsters treated withSA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010NCs<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010DOX<\/jats:styled-content>, compared withNE\u2010DOX<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions and Implications<\/jats:title>Our results provide insights into the development of an alternative approach to improved management of leishmaniasis through a combination of chemotherapy with stimulation of the innate immune system.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12754","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,19]],"date-time":"2014-05-19T08:07:44Z","timestamp":1400486864000},"page":"4038-4050","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Coating doxorubicin\u2010loaded nanocapsules with alginate enhances therapeutic efficacy againstL<\/i><\/scp>eishmania<\/i>in hamsters by inducingT<\/scp>h1\u2010type immune responses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"171","author":[{"given":"S","family":"Kansal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR\u2010Central Drug Research Institute BS\u201010\/1 sector\u201010 Jankipuram Extension Lucknow India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Tandon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology Division, CSIR\u2010Central Drug Research Institute BS\u201010\/1 sector\u201010 Jankipuram Extension Lucknow India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR\u2010Central Drug Research Institute BS\u201010\/1 sector\u201010 Jankipuram Extension Lucknow India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Misra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology Division, CSIR\u2010Central Drug Research Institute BS\u201010\/1 sector\u201010 Jankipuram Extension Lucknow India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A K","family":"Choudhary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology Division, CSIR\u2010Central Drug Research Institute BS\u201010\/1 sector\u201010 Jankipuram Extension Lucknow India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR\u2010Central Drug Research Institute BS\u201010\/1 sector\u201010 Jankipuram Extension Lucknow India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P R P","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Science Birla Institute of Technology Mesra Ranchi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Dube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitology Division, CSIR\u2010Central Drug Research Institute BS\u201010\/1 sector\u201010 Jankipuram Extension Lucknow India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P R","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR\u2010Central Drug Research Institute BS\u201010\/1 sector\u201010 Jankipuram Extension Lucknow India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-05-0006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.11.7160"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm1573"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(03)00008-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.275.10.7087"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.19.11619"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.3.1776"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2005.12.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI116570"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-010-2127-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-009-9334-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr485"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(89)80222-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4061\/2011\/571242"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.104.002568"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.144.4.1425","article-title":"Cytolytic mechanisms of activated macrophages. 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