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The aim of this study was to determine the consequences of a diet rich in n\u20103 or n\u20106 polyunsaturated fatty acids (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PUFA<\/jats:styled-content>) on intestinal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I\/R<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced damage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Experimental Approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mice were fed three different isocaloric diets: a balanced diet used as a control and two different <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PUFA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010enriched diets, providing either high levels of n\u20103 or of n\u20106 PUFA. Intestinal injury was evaluated after intestinal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I\/R<\/jats:styled-content>. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PUFA<\/jats:styled-content> metabolites were quantitated in intestinal tissues by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LC\u2010MS\/MS<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In control diet\u2010fed mice, intestinal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I\/R<\/jats:styled-content> caused inflammation and increased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">COX<\/jats:styled-content> and lipoxygenase\u2010derived metabolites compared with sham\u2010operated animals. Lipoxin <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LxA<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>) was significantly and selectively increased after ischaemia. Animals fed a high n\u20103 diet did not display a different inflammatory profile following intestinal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I\/R<\/jats:styled-content> compared with control diet\u2010fed animals. In contrast, intestinal inflammation was decreased in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I\/R<\/jats:styled-content> group fed with high n\u20106 diet and level of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LxA<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> was increased post\u2010ischaemia compared with control diet\u2010fed mice. Blockade of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LxA<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> receptor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Fpr2<\/jats:styled-content>), prevented the anti\u2010inflammatory effects associated with the n\u20106 rich diet.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study indicates that high levels of dietary n\u20106, but not n\u20103, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PUFAs<\/jats:styled-content> provides significant protection against intestinal <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">I\/R<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced damage and demonstrates that the endogenous production of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LxA<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content> can be influenced by 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