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Here we have studied the inhibition by oestrogen of BMP<\/jats:styled-content>4 expression in cardiomyocytes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Experimental Approach<\/jats:title>Cultures of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were used in in vitro<\/jats:italic> experiments. Bilat\u03b1l ovariectomy (OVX<\/jats:styled-content>) was carried out in female Kunming mice and cardiac hypertrophy was induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC<\/jats:styled-content>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Key Results<\/jats:title>Oestrogen inhibited BMP<\/jats:styled-content>4\u2010induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and BMP<\/jats:styled-content>4 expression in vitro<\/jats:italic>. The inhibition of BMP<\/jats:styled-content>4\u2010induced BMP<\/jats:styled-content>4 protein expression by oestrogen was prevented by the inhibitor of oestrogen receptor\u2010\u03b2, PHTPP,<\/jats:styled-content> but not by the inhibitor of oestrogen receptor\u2010\u03b1 MPP<\/jats:styled-content>. BMP<\/jats:styled-content>4 induced smad1\/5\/8 activation, which was not affected by oestrogen in cardiomyocytes. BMP<\/jats:styled-content>4 induced JNK<\/jats:styled-content> but not ERK<\/jats:styled-content>1\/2 and p38 activation, and activated JNK<\/jats:styled-content> was inhibited by oestrogen. Treatment with the p38 inhibitor SB<\/jats:styled-content>203580 or the JNK<\/jats:styled-content> inhibitor SP<\/jats:styled-content>600125 inhibited BMP<\/jats:styled-content>4\u2010induced BMP<\/jats:styled-content>4 expression in cardiomyocytes, but the ERK<\/jats:styled-content>1\/2 inhibitor U<\/jats:styled-content>0126 increased BMP<\/jats:styled-content>4\u2010induced BMP<\/jats:styled-content>4 expression, indicating that JNK<\/jats:styled-content>, ERK<\/jats:styled-content>1\/2 and p38 MAPK<\/jats:styled-content>s were all involved, although only JNK<\/jats:styled-content> activation contributed to the inhibition of BMP<\/jats:styled-content>4\u2010induced BMP<\/jats:styled-content>4 expression by oestrogen. TAC<\/jats:styled-content> induced significant heart hypertrophy in OVX<\/jats:styled-content> mice in vivo<\/jats:italic> and oestrogen replacement inhibited TAC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced heart hypertrophy in OVX<\/jats:styled-content> mice. In parallel with the data of heart hypertrophy, oestrogen replacement significantly reduced the increased BMP<\/jats:styled-content>4 protein expression in TAC<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010treated OVX<\/jats:styled-content> mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions and Implications<\/jats:title>Oestrogen treatment inhibited BMP<\/jats:styled-content>4\u2010induced BMP<\/jats:styled-content>4 expression in cardiomyocytes through stimulating oestrogen receptor\u2010\u03b2 and inhibiting JNK<\/jats:styled-content> activation. Our results provide a novel mechanism underlying oestrogen\u2010mediated protection against cardiac hypertrophy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Linked Articles<\/jats:title>This article is part of a themed section on Chinese Innovation in Cardiovascular Drug Discovery. To view the other articles in this section visit http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1111\/bph.2015.172.issue-23<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12983","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,17]],"date-time":"2014-10-17T09:05:28Z","timestamp":1413536728000},"page":"5586-5595","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Oestrogen inhibits BMP<\/scp>4\u2010induced BMP<\/scp>4 expression in cardiomyocytes: a potential mechanism of oestrogen\u2010mediated protection against cardiac hypertrophy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"172","author":[{"given":"Yu\u2010Chun","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology (the State\u2010Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine\u2010Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education) Harbin Medical University Harbin 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