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To elucidate the physiological functions of muscarinic receptors in chromaffin cells, it is necessary to identify the muscarinic receptor subtypes involved in excitation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Experimental Approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>To identify muscarinic receptors, pharmacological tools and strains of mice where one or several muscarinic receptor subtypes were genetically deleted were used. Cellular responses to muscarinic stimulation in isolated chromaffin cells were studied with the patch clamp technique and amperometry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Muscarinic<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>receptors were immunologically detected in mouse chromaffin cells, and these receptors disappeared after the appropriate gene deletion. Mouse cells secreted catecholamines in response to muscarinic agonists, angiotensin<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>and a decrease in external<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">pH<\/jats:styled-content>. Genetic deletion of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>, but not<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>or<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>, receptors in mice abolished secretion in response to muscarine, but not to other stimuli. The muscarine\u2010induced secretion was suppressed by<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MT7<\/jats:styled-content>, a snake peptide toxin specific for<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>receptors. Similarly, muscarine failed to induce an inward current in the presence of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MT7<\/jats:styled-content>in mouse and rat chromaffin cells. The binding affinity of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VU<\/jats:styled-content>0255035 for the inhibition of muscarine\u2010induced currents agreed with that for the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>receptor.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>Based upon the effects of genetic deletion of muscarinic receptors and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MT7<\/jats:styled-content>, it is concluded that the<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub><\/jats:styled-content>receptor alone is responsible for muscarine\u2010induced catecholamine secretion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,13]],"date-time":"2014-11-13T11:03:19Z","timestamp":1415876599000},"page":"1348-1359","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Identification of muscarinic receptor subtypes involved in catecholamine secretion in adrenal medullary chromaffin cells by genetic deletion"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"172","author":[{"given":"Keita","family":"Harada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell and Systems Physiology University of Occupational and Environmental Health School of Medicine Kitakyushu Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hidetada","family":"Matsuoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell and Systems Physiology University of Occupational and Environmental Health School of Medicine Kitakyushu Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hironori","family":"Miyata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Research Center University of Occupational and Environmental Health School of Medicine Kitakyushu Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minoru","family":"Matsui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fureai Higashitotsuka Hospital Yokohama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masumi","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell and Systems Physiology University of Occupational and Environmental Health School of Medicine Kitakyushu Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1982.sp014411"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12445"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12447"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2059"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1959.tb00928.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.57.1067"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1989.sp017849"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.20.9544"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jm011116o"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1967.sp008250"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11062-013-9337-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/283673a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2009.00111.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(24)01362-0","article-title":"International Union of Pharmacology. 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