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Glycoprotein (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GP<\/jats:styled-content>)Ib binding to von <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">W<\/jats:styled-content>illebrand factor (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">vWF<\/jats:styled-content>) exposed at vascular injury initiates platelet adhesion and contributes to platelet aggregation. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GPIb<\/jats:styled-content> has been suggested as an effective target for antithrombotic therapy in stroke. Anfibatide is a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GPIb<\/jats:styled-content> antagonist derived from snake venom and we investigated its protective effect on experimental brain ischaemia in mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Experimental Approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>Focal cerebral ischaemia was induced by 90\u2009min of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCAO<\/jats:styled-content>). These mice were then treated with anfibatide (4, 2, 1\u2009\u03bcg\u00b7kg<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>), injected i.v., after 90\u2009min of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCAO,<\/jats:styled-content> followed by 1\u2009h of reperfusion. Tirofiban, a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GPIIb<\/jats:styled-content>\/<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content>\u03b1 antagonist, was used as a positive control.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010four hours after <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCAO<\/jats:styled-content>, anfibatide\u2010treated mice showed significantly improved ischaemic lesions in a dose\u2010dependent manner. The mice had smaller infarct volumes, less severe neurological deficits and histopathology of cerebrum tissues compared with the untreated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCAO<\/jats:styled-content> mice. Moreover, anfibatide decreased the amount of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GPIb\u03b1<\/jats:styled-content>, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">vWF<\/jats:styled-content> and accumulation of fibrin(ogen) in the vasculature of the ischaemic hemisphere. Tirofiban had similar effects on infarct size and fibrin(ogen) deposition compared with the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MCAO<\/jats:styled-content> group. Importantly, the anfibatide\u2010treated mice showed a lower incidence of intracerebral haemorrhage and shorter tail bleeding time compared with the tirofiban\u2010treated mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our data indicate anfibatide is a safe <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GPIb<\/jats:styled-content> antagonist that exerts a protective effect on cerebral ischaemia and reperfusion injury. Anfibatide is a promising candidate that could be beneficial for the treatment of ischaemic stroke.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,27]],"date-time":"2015-04-27T10:25:32Z","timestamp":1430130332000},"page":"3904-3916","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["A novel snake venom\u2010derived <scp>GPIb<\/scp> antagonist, anfibatide, protects mice from acute experimental ischaemic stroke and reperfusion injury"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"172","author":[{"given":"Ting\u2010Ting","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology School of Basic Medical Science Anhui Medical University  Hefei Anhui China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Man\u2010Li","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology School of Basic Medical Science Anhui Medical University  Hefei Anhui China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shi\u2010Xiang","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology School of Basic Medical Science Anhui Medical University  Hefei Anhui China"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Xuancheng People's Hospital  Xuancheng China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao\u2010Yi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zhaoke Pharmaceutical Co. 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