{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T03:14:36Z","timestamp":1778210076859,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":246,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,26]],"date-time":"2015-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1435276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The endogenous opioid system is largely expressed in the brain, and both endogenous opioid peptides and receptors are present in areas associated with reward and motivation. It is well known that this endogenous system plays a key role in many aspects of addictive behaviours. The present review summarizes the modifications of the opioid system induced by chronic treatment with drugs of abuse reported in preclinical and clinical studies, as well as the action of opioid antagonists and agonists on the reinforcing effects of drugs of abuse, with therapeutic perspectives. We have focused on the effects of chronic psychostimulants, alcohol and nicotine exposure. Taken together, the changes in both opioid peptides and opioid receptors in different brain structures following acute or chronic exposure to these drugs of abuse clearly identify the opioid system as a potential target for the development of effective pharmacotherapy for the treatment of addiction and the prevention of relapse.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13190","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,19]],"date-time":"2015-05-19T03:51:42Z","timestamp":1432007502000},"page":"3964-3979","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The opioid receptors as targets for drug abuse medication"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"172","author":[{"given":"Florence","family":"Noble","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Paris France"},{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale Paris France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magalie","family":"Lenoir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Paris France"},{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale Paris France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Marie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Paris France"},{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale Paris France"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Descartes Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-8329(90)90024-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-8329(95)00039-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-8329(95)02002-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0740-5472(03)00027-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2011.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12445"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-012-2930-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002100000332"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.a.20054"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jcp.0000130555.63254.73"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.65.2.135"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(00)00291-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02532378"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1996.66020443.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/y98-023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-9877(89)90054-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbrainres.2005.02.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.20436"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ALC.0000075548.83053.A9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130000569"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0376-8716(87)90088-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2009.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300274"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2011.00366.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2003.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-24-10935.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3008-04.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2010.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2012.88"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(99)00245-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-328X(92)90178-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2003.02892.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1300393110"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087057114542975"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12599"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2002.01171.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02244812"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)21845-6","article-title":"Effects of methadone on human cigarette smoking and subjective ratings","volume":"229","author":"Chait LD","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2013.08.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2011.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-895X(25)13175-1","article-title":"Molecular cloning and functional expression of a mu\u2010opioid receptor from rat brain","volume":"44","author":"Chen Y","year":"1993","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/35.6.587"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(01)01194-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(02)01812-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-77460-7_26"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02244173"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130050853"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J069v18n01_04"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(01)00221-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-328X(94)00246-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-328X(95)00226-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003086.pub3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-012-9829-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2011.00326.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903450104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1995.64041878.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2013.155"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1552-4604.1987.tb02191.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2006.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2009.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)24051-4","article-title":"Binding affinity and selectivity of opioids at mu, delta and kappa receptors in monkey brain membranes","volume":"271","author":"Emmerson PJ","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1335167"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2003.02636.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)20765-0","article-title":"Effects of methadone or buprenorphine maintenance on the subjective and reinforcing effects of intravenous cocaine in humans","volume":"278","author":"Foltin RW","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(90)90174-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.03751.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145708009450"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.13.1617"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12557"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02801984"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2013.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-012-2949-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(95)00306-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(98)00548-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2005.11.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0899-3289(88)80018-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.02.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-008-1225-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2013.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.npep.2012.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2010.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbrainres.2003.10.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2004.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.1.57"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_87_1","first-page":"224","article-title":"Effect of nicotine on mRNA levels encoding opioid peptides, vasopressin and alpha 3 nicotinic receptor subunit in the rat","volume":"70","author":"Hollt V","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Investig"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130000601"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(98)00454-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.890130408"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-328X(92)90058-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130050872"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-010-1845-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(02)00240-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.20515"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-010-1803-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2009.00924.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301572"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1998.tb05931.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2007.00401.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(80)90562-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-002-1118-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.24.12048"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.03.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(02)00242-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(91)90490-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(95)00468-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02246191"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14622200310001614601"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa011127"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(98)00637-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-977X(00)00117-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-011-2337-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-008-1267-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-183X.2007.00303.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_117_1","first-page":"1207","article-title":"Duration of occupancy of opiate receptors by naltrexone","volume":"29","author":"Lee MC","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2008.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2011.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.npep.2009.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2950629"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-8329(00)00118-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(00)00368-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2010.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-008-1335-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2009.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300063"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharma.2009.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.10.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-0618(93)90010-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_131_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(94)90031-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903500307"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_133_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(95)93946-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.alc.0000183008.62955.2e"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.56.8.719"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2396(199606)23:2<94::AID-SYN5>3.0.CO;2-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-328X(97)00338-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2004.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-009-1674-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-010-2028-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00427594"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00427902"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_143_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2772637"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_144_1","first-page":"157","article-title":"Buprenorphine attenuates the effects of cocaine on adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) secretion and mood states in man","volume":"7","author":"Mendelson JH","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_145_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-006-0503-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_146_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-0102(03)00188-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_147_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.npep.2010.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_148_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.21.9954"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_149_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(92)90319-Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_150_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clpt.2003.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_151_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2012.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_152_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FBP.0b013e3283512c1e"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_153_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.93.25.14928"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_154_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2001.961115654.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_155_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14622200210124012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_156_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00174355"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_157_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130050894"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_158_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-894X(01)00543-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_159_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2012.04.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_160_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-59259-343-9_5","volume-title":"Inhibitors of Enkephalin Catabolism","author":"Noble F","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_161_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.6.667"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_162_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300219"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_163_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2006.00036.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_164_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-8329(00)00091-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_165_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkt1143"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_166_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12283"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_167_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0032981"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_168_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.179.4077.1011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_169_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2008.00843.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_170_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-008-1210-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_171_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00439275"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_172_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_173_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0924-977X(95)80005-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_174_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000126766"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_175_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(97)00829-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_176_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(02)00950-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_177_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-977X(98)00009-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_178_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4530(98)00003-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_179_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/S0026-895X(25)09932-8","article-title":"Pharmacological characterization of the cloned kappa\u2010, delta\u2010, and mu\u2010opioid receptors","volume":"45","author":"Raynor K","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_180_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-8329(84)90033-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_181_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199507100-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_182_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)39326-7","article-title":"mu\u2010Opioid receptor knockout mice do not self\u2010administer alcohol","volume":"293","author":"Roberts AJ","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_183_1","first-page":"1249","article-title":"Increased ethanol self\u2010administration in delta\u2010opioid receptor knockout mice","volume":"25","author":"Roberts AJ","year":"2001","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_184_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1064-1297.15.1.81"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_185_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(01)00776-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_186_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02532381"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_187_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2013.09.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_188_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(85)90141-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_189_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2003.01584.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_190_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2008.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_191_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2005.02.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_192_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-007-0883-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_193_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00428107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_194_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301238"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_195_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(83)90200-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_196_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(86)90062-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_197_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.70.7.1947"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_198_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)22808-7","article-title":"Cocaine selectively increases striatonigral dynorphin levels by a dopaminergic mechanism","volume":"250","author":"Sivam SP","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_199_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)13241-2","article-title":"Effects of cocaine on extrapyramidal and limbic dynorphin systems","volume":"253","author":"Smiley PL","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_200_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-006-0485-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_201_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300712"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_202_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-328X(95)00319-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_203_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199609020-00028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_204_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-21-08225.1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_205_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.13-12-05066.1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_206_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02247469"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_207_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1998.tb05932.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_208_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(02)00721-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_209_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2010.00287.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_210_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1254\/jjp.58.435"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_211_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(94)00774-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_212_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-328X(98)00041-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_213_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0773.1973.tb01477.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_214_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(93)90120-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_215_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agt030"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_216_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2010.04.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_217_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.05.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_218_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-199909000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_219_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.03.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_220_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(97)00639-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_221_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2007.00070.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_222_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130000493"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_223_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2008.03.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_224_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2011.84"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_225_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02245816"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_226_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301438"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_227_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2005.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_228_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.106.118810"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_229_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2007.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_230_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-010-1825-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_231_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003948"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_232_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_233_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130050756"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_234_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(99)01095-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_235_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1998.tb03960.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_236_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2009.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_237_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12257"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_238_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.1999.948122713.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_239_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.14.6736"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_240_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2012.01952.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_241_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-9230(98)00155-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_242_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-3057(02)01002-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_243_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2012.03.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_244_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2012.01867.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_245_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2005.11.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_246_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874473711306010009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_247_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1196-1225"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fbph.13190","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fbph.13190","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/bph.13190","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T01:03:29Z","timestamp":1748394209000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/bph.13190"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,26]]},"references-count":246,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/bph.13190"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bph.13190","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1188","1476-5381"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1188","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5381","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2014-11-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-05-10","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2015-06-26","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}