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This study was designed to analyse a possible role of perivascular sympathetic and nitrergic innervation in the superior mesenteric artery (SMA<\/jats:styled-content>) in this effect.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Experimental Approach<\/jats:title>Diabetes was induced in pregnant Wistar rats by a single injection of streptozotocin. Endothelium\u2010denuded vascular rings from the offspring of control (O<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010CR<\/jats:styled-content>) and diabetic rats (O<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010DR<\/jats:styled-content>) were used. Vasomotor responses to electrical field stimulation (EFS<\/jats:styled-content>),NA<\/jats:styled-content>and theNO<\/jats:styled-content>donorDEA\u2010NO<\/jats:styled-content>were studied. The expressions of neuronalNOS<\/jats:styled-content>(nNOS<\/jats:styled-content>) and phospho\u2010nNOS (P<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010nNOS<\/jats:styled-content>) and release ofNA<\/jats:styled-content>,ATP<\/jats:styled-content>andNO<\/jats:styled-content>were determined. Sympathetic and nitrergic nerve densities were analysed by immunofluorescence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Key Results<\/jats:title>Blood pressure was higher inO<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010DR<\/jats:styled-content>animals.EFS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced vasoconstriction was greater inO<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010DR<\/jats:styled-content>animals. This response was decreased by phentolamine more inO<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010DR<\/jats:styled-content>animals than their controls. L\u2010NAME increasedEFS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced vasoconstriction more strongly inO<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010DR<\/jats:styled-content>than inO<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010CR<\/jats:styled-content>segments. Vasomotor responses toNA<\/jats:styled-content>orDEA\u2010NO<\/jats:styled-content>were not modified.NA<\/jats:styled-content>,ATP<\/jats:styled-content>andNO<\/jats:styled-content>release was increased in segments fromO<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010DR<\/jats:styled-content>. nNOS<\/jats:styled-content>expression was not modified, whereasP<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010nNOS<\/jats:styled-content>expression was increased inO<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010DR<\/jats:styled-content>. Sympathetic and nitrergic nerve densities were similar in both experimental groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Conclusions and Implications<\/jats:title>The activity of sympathetic and nitrergic innervation is increased inSMA<\/jats:styled-content>fromO<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010DR<\/jats:styled-content>animals. The net effect is an increase inEFS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced contractions in these animals. These effects may contribute to the increased blood pressure observed in the offspring of diabetic rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,14]],"date-time":"2015-07-14T16:43:44Z","timestamp":1436892224000},"page":"4699-4713","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Alterations in perivascular innervation function in mesenteric arteries from offspring of diabetic rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"172","author":[{"given":"D B","family":"de Queiroz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Recife Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E","family":"Sastre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Instituto 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