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ROS produced by mucosa\u2010resident cells or by newly recruited innate immune cells are essential for antimicrobial responses and regulation of signalling pathways including processes involved in wound healing. Impaired ROS production due to inactivating patient variants in genes encoding NADPH oxidases as ROS source has been associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Crohn's disease<\/jats:styled-content> and pancolitis, whereas overproduction of ROS due to up\u2010regulation of oxidases or altered mitochondrial function was linked to ileitis and ulcerative colitis. Here, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of how maintaining a redox balance is crucial to preserve gut homeostasis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Linked Articles<\/jats:title><jats:p>This article is part of a themed section on Redox Biology and Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease. 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