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Additional <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> experiments using chondroprogenitor and preosteoblastic cells were conducted to analyse the effects of recombinant Mdk and Mdk\u2010Ab on differentiation markers and potential binding partners in these cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We demonstrated that treatment with Mdk\u2010Ab accelerated bone healing in mice based on increased bone formation in the fracture callus. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> experiments using preosteoblastic cells showed that Mdk\u2010Ab treatment abolished the Mdk\u2010induced negative effects on the expression of osteogenic markers and Wnt\/\u03b2\u2010catenin target proteins, whereas the differentiation of chondroprogenitor cells was unaffected. Phosphorylation analyses revealed an important role for the low\u2010density lipoproteinLDL receptor\u2010related protein 6 in Mdk signalling in osteoblasts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conclude that Mdk\u2010Ab treatment may be a potential novel therapeutic strategy to enhance fracture healing in patients with orthopaedic complications such as delayed healing or non\u2010union formation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,26]],"date-time":"2016-04-26T00:16:49Z","timestamp":1461629809000},"page":"2237-2249","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Antagonizing midkine accelerates fracture healing in mice by enhanced bone formation in the fracture 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