{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:42:38Z","timestamp":1792802558193,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":205,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,21]],"date-time":"2016-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Curcumin, a yellow pigment in the Indian spice Turmeric (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Curcuma longa<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), which is chemically known as diferuloylmethane, was first isolated exactly two centuries ago in 1815 by two German Scientists, Vogel and Pelletier. However, according to the pubmed database, the first study on its biological activity as an antibacterial agent was published in 1949 in\n                      <jats:italic>Nature<\/jats:italic>\n                      and the first clinical trial was reported in\n                      <jats:italic>The Lancet<\/jats:italic>\n                      in 1937. Although the current database indicates almost 9000 publications on curcumin, until 1990 there were less than 100 papers published on this nutraceutical. At the molecular level, this multitargeted agent has been shown to exhibit anti\u2010inflammatory activity through the suppression of numerous cell signalling pathways including NF\u2010\u03baB, STAT3, Nrf2, ROS and COX\u20102. Numerous studies have indicated that curcumin is a highly potent antimicrobial agent and has been shown to be active against various chronic diseases including various types of cancers, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular, pulmonary, neurological and autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, this compound has also been shown to be synergistic with other nutraceuticals such as resveratrol, piperine, catechins, quercetin and genistein. To date, over 100 different clinical trials have been completed with curcumin, which clearly show its safety, tolerability and its effectiveness against various chronic diseases in humans. However, more clinical trials in different populations are necessary to prove its potential against different chronic diseases in humans. This review's primary focus is on lessons learnt about curcumin from clinical trials.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Linked Articles<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This article is part of a themed section on Principles of Pharmacological Research of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/bph.v174.11\/issuetoc\">http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/bph.v174.11\/issuetoc<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,17]],"date-time":"2016-09-17T03:28:45Z","timestamp":1474082925000},"page":"1325-1348","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":961,"title":["Curcumin, the golden nutraceutical: multitargeting for multiple chronic diseases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"174","author":[{"given":"Ajaikumar B","family":"Kunnumakkara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati  Assam India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devivasha","family":"Bordoloi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati  Assam India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ganesan","family":"Padmavathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati  Assam India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javadi","family":"Monisha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati  Assam India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nand Kishor","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati  Assam India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sahdeo","family":"Prasad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Therapeutics The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bharat B","family":"Aggarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anti\u2010Inflammation Research Institute  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"HC19","article-title":"Evaluation of efficacy of curcumin as an add\u2010on therapy in patients of bronchial asthma","volume":"8","author":"Abidi A","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.14.4753"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-011-1793-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2008.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1074578"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12131"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201200838"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules20010185"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"879","article-title":"Use of telemedicine in inflammatory bowel disease: a real monitoring option?","volume":"10","author":"Aguas M","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2012.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13354"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13348"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13352"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13347"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13353"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.5524"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","first-page":"1201","article-title":"Management of chronic anterior uveitis relapses: efficacy of oral phospholipidic curcumin treatment. 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