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Since hypercholesterolaemia affects the global cardiac gene expression profile, among many other factors, it results in increased myocardial oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation triggered apoptosis, all of which may account for myocardial dysfunction and increased susceptibility of the myocardium to infarction. In addition, numerous experimental and clinical studies have revealed that hyperlcholesterolaemia may interfere with the cardioprotective potential of conditioning mechanisms. Although not fully elucidated, the underlying mechanisms for the lost cardioprotection in hypercholesterolaemic animals have been reported to involve dysregulation of the endothelial NOS\u2010cGMP, reperfusion injury salvage kinase, peroxynitrite\u2010MMP2 signalling pathways, modulation of ATP\u2010sensitive potassium channels and apoptotic pathways. In this review article, we summarize the current knowledge on the effect of hypercholesterolaemia on the non\u2010ischaemic and ischaemic heart as well as on the cardioprotection induced by drugs or ischaemic preconditioning, postconditioning and remote conditioning. Future perspectives concerning the mechanisms and the design of preclinical and clinical trials are highlighted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Linked Articles<\/jats:title><jats:p>This article is part of a themed section on Redox Biology and Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease. To view the other articles in this section visit<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/bph.v174.12\/issuetoc\">http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/bph.v174.12\/issuetoc<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13704","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,6]],"date-time":"2017-01-06T19:36:36Z","timestamp":1483731396000},"page":"1555-1569","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Effect of hypercholesterolaemia on myocardial function, ischaemia\u2013reperfusion injury and cardioprotection by preconditioning, postconditioning and remote conditioning"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"174","author":[{"given":"Ioanna","family":"Andreadou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences National and Kapodistrian 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