{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T21:02:40Z","timestamp":1782248560191,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,18]],"date-time":"2017-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1508284800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico - CNPq","award":["401437\/2014-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["401437\/2014-0"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004263","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul - FAPERGS","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["16\/2551-0000281-9"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16\/2551-0000281-9"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004263","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Postoperative pain is one of the most common manifestations of acute pain and is an important problem faced by patients after surgery. Moreover, neuronal trauma or chemotherapeutic treatment often causes neuropathic pain, which induces disabling and distressing symptoms. At present, treatments of both painful conditions are inadequate. \u03b1\u2010Spinasterol, which is well characterized as a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 antagonist, has anti\u2010inflammatory, antioxidant and antinociceptive effects. Therefore, we investigated its antinociceptive potential on postoperative and neuropathic pain, as well as its effect on COX\u20101 and COX\u20102 activities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Experimental Approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nociceptive responses in a postoperative pain model (surgical incision\u2010induced) or different neuropathic pain models (trauma or chemotherapy\u2010induced) were investigated in mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Oral administration of \u03b1\u2010spinasterol reduced postoperative pain, when given as a pre\u2010 (0.5\u00a0h before incision) or post\u2010treatment (0.5\u00a0h after incision), and reduced cell infiltration in the injured tissue. \u03b1\u2010Spinasterol also reduced the mechanical allodynia induced by partial sciatic nerve ligation and the mechanical and cold allodynia induced by paclitaxel. Moreover, \u03b1\u2010spinasterol inhibited COX\u20101 and COX\u20102 enzyme activities without altering the body temperature of animals. Importantly, \u03b1\u2010spinasterol did not alter spontaneous or forced locomotor activity. Furthermore, it did not cause gastric damage or liver and kidney changes, nor did it alter cell viability in the cerebral cortex and spinal cord slices of mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion and Implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>\u03b1\u2010Spinasterol is an effective and safe COX inhibitor with antinociceptive effects in postoperative and neuropathic pain models. Therefore, it is an interesting prototype for the development of novel analgesic drugs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13992","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,29]],"date-time":"2017-08-29T03:36:38Z","timestamp":1503977798000},"page":"4247-4262","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["\u03b1\u2010Spinasterol: a COX inhibitor and a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 antagonist presents an antinociceptive effect in clinically relevant models of pain in mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"174","author":[{"given":"Indiara","family":"Brusco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Biochemistry Toxicology Federal University of Santa Maria  Santa Maria RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila","family":"Camponogara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in 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