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Gestational intake of valproic acid (VPA) is linked to autism spectrum disorder (ASD), characterized by impaired sociability and stereotypies. VPA effects on the neurochemistry and functional morphology of the histaminergic system in ASD are unclear. Zebrafish are highly social, and given the similarities between zebrafish and human neurotransmitter systems, we have studied the effects of VPA on histamine in zebrafish.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Experimental Approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>Histaminergic, dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems of larval and adult zebrafish exposed to VPA from the end of gastrulation until neural tube formation were studied using HPLC, quantitative PCR, immunocytochemistry and <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> hybridization. Sociability, dark\u2010flash response and locomotion were also studied.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Zebrafish larvae exposed to VPA showed decreased locomotion and an abnormal dark\u2010flash response. Additionally, a reduced number of histaminergic neurons, low histamine and altered mRNA expression of key genes of the monoaminergic systems were also detected. The reduced mRNA expression of genes of the studied systems persisted until adulthood. Furthermore, adult VPA\u2010exposed animals presented lower brain levels of noradrenaline and 3,4\u2010dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, along with impaired sociability.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>VPA exposure in early development causes molecular and neurochemical alterations in zebrafish, which persist into adulthood and accompany impaired sociability. These findings will highlight the possible involvement of the histaminergic system in outcomes related to neuropsychiatric disorders. Furthermore, it supports zebrafish as a tool to investigate mechanisms underlying these disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.14124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,13]],"date-time":"2017-12-13T01:26:50Z","timestamp":1513128410000},"page":"797-809","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Embryonic exposure to valproic acid affects the histaminergic system and the social behaviour of adult zebrafish (<scp><i>Danio rerio<\/i><\/scp>)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"175","author":[{"given":"Diego","family":"Baronio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Neuroscience Center University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henri A J","family":"Puttonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Neuroscience Center 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