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The natural decline in melatonin levels with ageing contributes significantly to the development of neurodegenerative disorders. Neurodegenerative diseases share common mechanisms of toxicity such as proteinopathy, mitochondrial dysfunction, metal dyshomeostasis, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and an imbalance in the phosphorylation\/dephosphorylation ratio. Several reports have proved the usefulness of melatonin in counteracting the events that lead to a neurodegenerative scenario. In this review, we have focused on the fact that melatonin could rectify the altered phosphorylation\/dephosphorylation rate found in some neurodegenerative diseases by influencing the activity of phosphoprotein phosphatases. We analyse whether melatonin offers any protective activity towards these enzymes through a direct interaction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Linked Articles<\/jats:title><jats:p>This article is part of a themed section on Recent Developments in Research of Melatonin and its Potential Therapeutic Applications. To view the other articles in this section visit <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/bph.v175.16\/issuetoc\">http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/bph.v175.16\/issuetoc<\/jats:ext-link><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.14365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,21]],"date-time":"2018-05-21T02:50:27Z","timestamp":1526871027000},"page":"3220-3229","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Modulation of serine\/threonine phosphatases by melatonin: therapeutic approaches in neurodegenerative diseases"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"175","author":[{"given":"Raquel L","family":"Arribas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto\u2010Fundaci\u00f3n Te\u00f3filo Hernando, Departamento de Farmacolog\u00eda y Terap\u00e9utica Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid  Madrid 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