{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T14:41:46Z","timestamp":1790001706979,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,9]],"date-time":"2018-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1544313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004836","name":"Det Frie Forskningsr\u00e5d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004836","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 (GLP\u20101) is an incretin hormone that regulates insulin biosynthesis and secretion in a glucose\u2010dependent manner and has been reported to induce vasodilatation. Here, we examined the possible vasorelaxant effect of GLP\u20101 and its underlying mechanisms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Experimental Approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rat mesenteric arteries (diameter\u00a0\u2248\u00a0200\u2013400\u00a0\u03bcm) and human s.c. arteries were mounted in microvascular myographs for isometric tension recordings. The effect of GLP\u20101 on vascular responses was examined under normoglycaemic conditions and at high glucose concentrations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In rat mesenteric arteries and human s.c. arteries without branches, physiological concentrations (1\u2013100\u00a0nM) of GLP\u20101(7\u201036) and liraglutide failed to cause relaxation or affect contractions evoked by electrical field stimulation. In contrast to GLP\u20101(7\u201036), liraglutide induced relaxations antagonized by the GLP\u20101 receptor antagonist, exendin\u2010(9\u201039), in branched mesenteric arteries. In contrast to liraglutide, GLP\u20101 leftward shifted the concentration relaxation curves for bradykinin in s.c. arteries from patients with peripheral arterial disease, an effect resistant to exendin\u2010(9\u201039). Under normoglycaemic conditions, neither GLP\u20101 nor liraglutide affected ACh relaxation in rat mesenteric arteries. In arteries exposed to 40\u00a0mM glucose, GLP\u20101, in contrast to liraglutide, potentiated ACh\u2010induced relaxation by a mechanism that was not antagonized by exendin\u2010(9\u201039). GLP\u20101 decreased superoxide levels measured with dihydroethidium in rat mesenteric arteries exposed to 40\u00a0mM glucose.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>GLP\u20101 receptors are involved in the liraglutide\u2010induced relaxation of branched arteries, under normoglycaemic conditions, while GLP\u20101 inhibition of vascular superoxide levels contributes to GLP\u20101 receptor\u2010independent potentiation of endothelium\u2010dependent vasodilatation in hyperglycaemia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.14534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,7]],"date-time":"2018-11-07T13:08:07Z","timestamp":1541596087000},"page":"386-399","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Different mechanisms involved in liraglutide and glucagon\u2010like peptide\u20101 vasodilatation in rat mesenteric small arteries"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"176","author":[{"given":"Maj","family":"Bangshaab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology Aarhus University  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandro","family":"Gutierrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology Aarhus University  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khiem Dinh","family":"Huynh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery Aalborg University Hospital  Aalborg Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jakob Sch\u00f6llhammer","family":"Knudsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology Aarhus University  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel Dias Rufino","family":"Arcanjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology Aarhus University  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Biophysics and Physiology Federal University of Piau\u00ed  Teresina Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asbj\u00f8rn G","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology Aarhus University  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f8rgen","family":"Rungby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology Aarhus University  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology IC Bispebjerg University Hospital  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Gejl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology Aarhus University  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2169-7666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ulf","family":"Simonsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology Aarhus University  Aarhus Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13878"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13877"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.739938"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0000000000000120"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.109.900282"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706965"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12856"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270006288215"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.10.076"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.9676"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2016.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0950719"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00316.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","unstructured":"EMA. 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