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These effects, together with its ability to inhibit ceramide synthesis, suggest that fenretinide may have an anti\u2010atherosclerotic action.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Experimental Approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>To this aim, nine\u2010week\u2010old apoE\u2010knockout (EKO) female mice were fed for twelve\u00a0weeks a Western diet, without (control) or with (0.1% <jats:italic>w<\/jats:italic>\/w) fenretinide. As a reference, wild\u2010type (WT) mice were treated similarly. Growth and metabolic parameters were monitored throughout the study. Atherosclerosis development was evaluated in the aorta and at the aortic sinus. Blood and lymphoid organs were further characterized with thorough cytological\/histological and immunocytofluorimetric analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fenretinide treatment significantly lowered body weight, glucose levels and plasma levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids. In the liver, fenretinide remarkably reduced hepatic glycogenosis and steatosis driven by the Western diet. Treated spleens were abnormally enlarged, with severe follicular atrophy and massive extramedullary haematopoiesis. Severe renal hemosiderin deposition was observed in treated EKO mice. Treatment resulted in a threefold increase of total leukocytes (WT and EKO) and raised the activated\/resting monocyte ratio in EKO mice. Finally, atherosclerosis development was markedly increased at the aortic arch, thoracic and abdominal aorta of fenretinide\u2010treated mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>We provide the first evidence that, despite beneficial metabolic effects, fenretinide treatment may enhance the development of atherosclerosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.14869","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,17]],"date-time":"2019-10-17T13:06:40Z","timestamp":1571317600000},"page":"328-345","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Fenretinide treatment accelerates atherosclerosis development in apoE\u2010deficient mice in spite of beneficial metabolic 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