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H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S and H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S<jats:sub><jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> diffuse to the target proteins for S\u2010sulfurating their cysteine residues that induces the conformational changes to alter the activity. On the other hand, 3\u2010mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase transfers sulfur from a substrate 3\u2010mercaptopyruvate to the cysteine residues of acceptor proteins. A similar mechanism has also been identified in S\u2010nitrosylation. S\u2010sulfuration and S\u2010nitrosylation by enzymes proceed only inside the cell, while reactions induced by H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S, H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S<jats:sub><jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> and NO even extend to the surrounding cells. Disturbance of signalling by these molecules as well as S\u2010sulfuration and S\u2010nitrosylation causes many nervous system diseases. 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