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In this context, increased sympathetic and inflammatory activity are common pathophysiological features linked to multi\u2010organ dysfunction, particularly in patients with sepsis or those undergoing cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass. Experimental and clinical studies support the notion that the \u03b1<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010adrenoceptor agonists, dexmedetomidine and clonidine, mitigate sympathetic and inflammatory overactivity in sepsis and cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass. These effects can protect vital organs, including the cardiovascular system, kidneys, heart and brain. We review the pharmacodynamic mechanisms by which \u03b1<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010adrenoceptor agonists might mitigate multi\u2010organ dysfunction arising from pathophysiological conditions associated with excessive inflammatory and adrenergic stress in experimental studies. 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