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Miltefosine is not only able to induce direct parasite killing but also modulates host immunity, for example by reducing the severity of allergies in patients. To date, there are no reports on the effect of miltefosine on eosinophils, central effector cells involved in allergic inflammation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Experimental Approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>We tested the effect of miltefosine on the activation of human eosinophils and their effector responses<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>and in mouse models of eosinophilic migration and ovalbumin\u2010induced allergic lung inflammation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The addition of miltefosine suppressed several eosinophilic effector reactions such as CD11b up\u2010regulation, degranulation, chemotaxis and downstream signalling. Miltefosine significantly reduced the infiltration of immune cells into the respiratory tract of mice in an allergic cell recruitment model. Finally, in a model of allergic inflammation, treatment with miltefosine resulted in an improvement of lung function parameters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion and Implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our observations suggest a strong modulatory activity of miltefosine in the regulation of eosinophilic inflammation<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. Our data underline the potential efficacy of miltefosine in the treatment of allergic diseases and other eosinophil\u2010associated disorders and may raise important questions regarding the immunomodulatory effect of miltefosine in patients treated for leishmania infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.15368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,16]],"date-time":"2021-01-16T00:35:41Z","timestamp":1610757341000},"page":"1234-1248","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["The anti\u2010parasitic drug miltefosine suppresses activation of human eosinophils and ameliorates allergic inflammation in mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"178","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6376-5842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Knuplez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center Medical University of 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