{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T14:46:33Z","timestamp":1793457993542,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]],"date-time":"2021-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007155","name":"Medical Research Council Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/N014103\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/N014103\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007155","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>Despite the progress in characterising the pharmacological profile of drugs of abuse, their precise biochemical impact remains unclear. The metabolome reflects the multifaceted biochemical processes occurring within a biological system. This includes those encoded in the genome but also those arising from environmental\/exogenous exposures and interactions between the two. Using metabolomics, the biochemical derangements associated with substance abuse can be determined as the individual transitions from recreational drug to chronic use (dependence). By understanding the biomolecular perturbations along this time course and how they vary across individuals, metabolomics can elucidate biochemical mechanisms of the addiction cycle (dependence\/withdrawal\/relapse) and predict prognosis (recovery\/relapse). In this review, we summarise human and animal metabolomic studies in the field of opioid and psychostimulant addiction. We highlight the importance of metabolomics as a powerful approach for biomarker discovery and its potential to guide personalised pharmacotherapeutic strategies for addiction targeted towards the individual's metabolome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LINKED ARTICLES<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This article is part of a themed issue on Building Bridges in Neuropharmacology. To view the other articles in this section visit\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/bph.v179.8\/issuetoc\">http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/bph.v179.8\/issuetoc<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.15475","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,5]],"date-time":"2021-04-05T02:54:33Z","timestamp":1617591273000},"page":"1578-1606","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Metabolic phenotyping of opioid and psychostimulant addiction: A novel approach for biomarker discovery and biochemical understanding of the disorder"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"179","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1697-1437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgia","family":"Caspani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viktoria","family":"Seb\u0151k","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology Section, Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education St George's, University of London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nowshin","family":"Sultana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology Section, Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education St George's, University of London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6485-4529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan R.","family":"Swann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine Imperial College London  London UK"},{"name":"School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine University of Southampton  Southampton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1541-1964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexis","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology Section, Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education St George's, University of London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/gbb.12081"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.14748"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","volume-title":"American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(97)01230-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2013.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201605065"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2005.12.073"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-017-1257-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1136(19990101)25:1<93::AID-GLIA9>3.0.CO;2-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","first-page":"341","article-title":"Insights into the effects of crack abuse on the human metabolome using a NMR approach","volume":"18","author":"Costa T. B. B. C.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Proteome Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.23109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601827"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03602532.2016.1192642"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1967.00300010021004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.25468"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000000625"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","first-page":"965","article-title":"The c\u2010kit receptor, stem cell factor, and mast cells. What each is teaching us about the others","volume":"142","author":"Galli S. J.","year":"1993","journal-title":"The American Journal of Pathology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2006.09.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ac5010794"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2011.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2005.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2012.02.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2013.217"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","first-page":"255","article-title":"Environmental cues associated with morphine modulate release of glutamate and \u03b3\u2010aminobutyric acid in ventral subiculum","volume":"22","author":"Kang L.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroscience Bulletin"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-012-6638-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21176041"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.9b00363"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2018.05.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.05030503"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(00)00195-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevBiomedEng.2013007736"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-18-06920.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0087040"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dmpk.2016.10.410"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00309"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2012.05.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2018.03.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C9RA08096A"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-014-9638-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-9230(97)00367-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.08-118414"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4927(03)00046-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11302-007-9074-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.1068"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1179438"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-012-0456-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1994.03950090045007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-2760(01)00503-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2011.09.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3908(78)90011-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874473710902010076"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh046"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0019258"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","unstructured":"National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2020).How effective is drug addiction treatment?"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.5b01023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12868-018-0404-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2018.09.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-009-1625-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","first-page":"246","article-title":"Effect of intracerebroventricular injection of GABA receptors antagonists on morphine\u2010induced changes in GABA and GLU transmission within the mPFC: An in vivo microdialysis study","volume":"22","author":"Ramshini E.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1441.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0173(93)90013-P"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(91)90052-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0731-7085(02)00051-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(02)00022-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6173-08.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2011.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11306-013-0598-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2017.03.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2007.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2003.10.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2011.05.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.091039298"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(99)01447-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo10080306"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(91)90149-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-1600.2010.00244.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0018215"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199511270-00024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2007.05155.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2002.1236"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(79)90705-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(96)00642-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35079077"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_85_1","unstructured":"United Nations. (2020).World drug report 2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_86_1","volume-title":"Behavioral Neuroscience of Drug Addiction. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences","author":"Vanderschuren L. J. M. J.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.1940040204"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1544-06.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.201900008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-010-1825-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-08-02605.1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(94)90906-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_93_1","first-page":"92","article-title":"Multivariate analysis in metabolomics","volume":"1","author":"Worley B.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Current Metabolomics"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-015-0655-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/dmd.112.048678"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-013-7234-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-016-9508-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2012.06.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C4MB00158C"}],"container-title":["British Journal of Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/bph.15475","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/bph.15475","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/bph.15475","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]],"date-time":"2023-08-25T11:43:38Z","timestamp":1692963818000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/bph.15475"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]]},"references-count":99,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/bph.15475"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bph.15475","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0007-1188","1476-5381"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0007-1188","type":"print"},{"value":"1476-5381","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-12-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-03-26","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-05-25","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}