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The goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the pharmacological mechanisms of opioid\u2010induced respiratory depression, which could lead to improved therapeutic options to counter opioid overdose, as well as other detrimental effects of opioids on breathing. The development of tolerance in the respiratory system is also discussed, as are differences in the degree of respiratory depression caused by various opioid agonists. Finally, potential future therapeutic agents aimed at reversing or avoiding opioid\u2010induced respiratory depression through non\u2010opioid receptor targets are in development and could provide certain advantages over naloxone. By providing an overview of mechanisms and effects of opioids in the respiratory network, this review will benefit future research on countering opioid\u2010induced respiratory depression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LINKED ARTICLES<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This article is part of a themed issue on Advances in Opioid Pharmacology at the Time of the Opioid Epidemic. To view the other articles in this section visit\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/bph.v180.7\/issuetoc\">http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/bph.v180.7\/issuetoc<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.15580","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,5]],"date-time":"2021-06-05T03:53:33Z","timestamp":1622865213000},"page":"813-828","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":136,"title":["Understanding and countering opioid\u2010induced respiratory depression"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"180","author":[{"given":"Jordan T.","family":"Bateman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology &amp; Therapeutics University of Florida  Gainesville Florida 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