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The aim of this study was to investigate the role of SCFAs in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and possible mechanisms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Experimental Approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gut microbiota diversity in mice was analysed by 16S rDNA sequencing. SCFAs levels were analysed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. T and B cells were analysed by flow cytometry. Bone damage was analysed by micro\u2010CT and X\u2010ray. Histopathological status was analysed by HE staining. Proteins in tissues were analysed by immunohistochemistry and PCR. Mice with CD19<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> B cells deficient in FFA2 receptors were used to explore the molecular mechanisms involved.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Levels of acetate, propionate, butyrate, and valerate were decreased in RA patients, and the first three correlated positively with the frequency of Bregs but not Tregs in peripheral blood. Administration of the three SCFAs prior to the onset of collagen\u2010induced arthritis in mice improved arthritic symptoms, increased the Bregs frequency, and decreased transitional B and follicular B cell frequency. However, the preceding phenomena could not be observed in mice with CD19<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> B cells deficient in FFA2 receptors. The effects of the three SCFAs in RA were dependent on FFA2 receptors but were independent of the other five B cell receptors (FFA3 receptor, HCA<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> receptor, PPAR\u03b3, Olfr\u201078, and AhR).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions and Implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>SCFAs regulate B cells differentiation via FFA2 receptors to alleviate RA. This provides new insights into the treatment of RA from an immunological and microbiological perspective.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.15852","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,8]],"date-time":"2022-04-08T01:54:12Z","timestamp":1649382852000},"page":"4315-4329","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":114,"title":["Short\u2010chain fatty acids regulate B cells differentiation via the FFA2 receptor to alleviate rheumatoid arthritis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"179","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4560-6861","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yao","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8510-2967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Cancer Center Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongquan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weidong","family":"Fei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongli","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengdan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiqing","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caihong","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Women's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Hangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.138461"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","first-page":"S27","article-title":"The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2021\/22: G protein\u2010coupled receptors","volume":"178","author":"Alexander S. 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