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Limited effort has been made to explore the influence of intestinal flora on the risk of ischaemic stroke. The present study aims to identify microbiota and specialized microbiota metabolites related to the occurrence and treatment of ischaemic stroke.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Experimental Approach<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The role of microbiota in the occurrence and the treatment of ischaemic stroke was evaluated on ischaemia\/reperfusion (I\/R), pseudo\u2010germ\u2010free and faecal transplantation animals. The target microbiota and specialized metabolites were identified by comparing their distribution in flora and metabolomic profiles in ischaemic stroke patients and animals with compared with healthy controls. The effects and mechanisms involved of the targeted metabolites in ischaemic stroke were explored in ischaemia\/reperfusion rats, hypoxia\/reoxygenation PC12 cells and LPS\u2010induced inflammatory BV2 cells.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Both ischaemic stroke patients and I\/R rats had significant accumulation of branched\u2010chain amino acids, which were closely associated with gut microflora dysbiosis and the development of ischaemic stroke.\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillus helveticus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>L.hel<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) and\n                      <jats:italic>Lactobacillus brevis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>L.bre<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) are identified as the microbiota most affected by ischaemia\/reperfusion modelling and treatment.\n                      <jats:italic>L.hel<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>L.bre<\/jats:italic>\n                      colonization exhibited significant neuroprotective activity and could greatly alleviate the accumulation of branched\u2010chain amino acids. In addition, branched\u2010chain amino acid (BCAA) accumulation was shown to exacerbate microglia\u2010induced neuroinflammation by activating AKT\/STAT3\/NF\u2010\u03baB signalling.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion and Implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings demonstrated the crucial role of intestinal flora and microbiota metabolites in the occurrence and treatment of ischaemic stroke.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.15965","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T05:55:03Z","timestamp":1664603703000},"page":"347-368","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Aberrant branched\u2010chain amino acid accumulation along the microbiota\u2013gut\u2013brain axis: Crucial targets affecting the occurrence 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