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Beyond its enzymatic and costimulatory activity, CD26\/DPP4 is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic fibrotic diseases across many organ types, such as liver cirrhosis, kidney fibrosis and lung fibrosis. Organ fibrosis is associated with a high morbidity and mortality, and there are no causative therapies that can effectively attenuate the progress of the disease. Growing evidence suggests that inhibiting CD26\/DPP4 can modulate the profibrotic tissue microenvironment and thus reduce fibrotic changes within affected organs. This review summarizes the role of CD26\/DPP4 in fibroproliferative disorders and highlights new opportunities for an antifibrotic treatment by CD26\/DPP4 inhibition. As a major advantage, CD26\/DPP4 inhibitors have been in safe and routine clinical use in type 2 diabetes for many years and thus qualify for repurposing to repurpose as a promising therapeutic against fibrosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LINKED ARTICLES<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This article is part of a themed issue on Translational Advances in Fibrosis as a Therapeutic Target. To view the other articles in this section visit\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/bph.v180.22\/issuetoc\">http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/bph.v180.22\/issuetoc<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.15967","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,5]],"date-time":"2022-10-05T00:28:50Z","timestamp":1664929730000},"page":"2846-2861","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Targeting cluster of differentiation 26 \/ dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (CD26\/DPP4) in organ fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"180","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8591-0473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Birte","family":"Ohm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Center\u2014University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Moneke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Center\u2014University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Jungraithmayr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical Center\u2014University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.5.869"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/HMER.S158053"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.15538"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.15541"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.15542"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2008.104133"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00780"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24206"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-5922.12005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.16122"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-020-0399-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.44.9.1126"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2019.107981"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2009.080513"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21035"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1327.2000.01634.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40256-016-0208-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13686"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)50292-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20190103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M202770200"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-05-1245"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1501352"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13041"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.29817"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.24561"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/bchm3.1985.366.2.1169"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00489918"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","first-page":"431","article-title":"Tissue distribution of the T cell activation antigen Ta1. 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