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Pericyte relaxation and contraction are influenced by vasoactive substances and regulated by neurotransmitters. \u03b17 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (\u03b17\u2010nAChRs), involved in the regulation of vascular function and inhibitory \u03b3\u2010aminobutyric acid (GABA) systems, have neuroprotective effects against CNS diseases. Although \u03b17\u2010nAChRs are found throughout the retina, their contribution to the retinal capillary tone remains unknown. Here, we investigated the neurovascular coupling mechanism underlying \u03b17\u2010nAChR\u2010mediated retinal capillary tone regulation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Experimental Approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>Changes in capillary diameter and pericyte transverse diameter during drug perfusion were observed using differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy, to help elucidate signalling pathways underlying \u03b17\u2010nAChR\u2010mediated regulation of capillary blood flow at the whole retinal level. Patch clamp technique was used to investigate \u03b17\u2010nAChR\u2010mediated regulation of the GABA synaptic circuit. Immunofluorescence was used to explore the expression of \u03b17\u2010nAChRs and GABA receptors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Activating \u03b17\u2010nAChRs on the endothelial cell membrane caused perinuclear accumulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), resulting in dilated retinal capillaries and pericytes via the nitric oxide synthase (NOS)\/nitric oxide (NO)\/guanosine 3\u2032,5\u2032\u2010 monophosphate (cGMP) signalling pathway. Neuronal \u03b17\u2010nAChR activation directly relaxed retinal capillaries and pericytes via a neurovascular coupling mechanism. \u03b17\u2010nAChR also increased the vesicular release of GABA, possibly promoting the release of NO by binding to GABA<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub> receptors in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and relaxing blood vessels via eNOS\u2013NO, with GABA binding to GABA<jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub> receptors on retinal capillary endothelial cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion and Implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>\u03b17\u2010nAChR activation causes vasorelaxation of retinal capillaries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.16067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,13]],"date-time":"2023-03-13T05:05:29Z","timestamp":1678683929000},"page":"2196-2213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Alpha 7\u2010nicotinic cholinoceptor regulation of pericyte\u2010containing retinal capillaries"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"180","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3311-7718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaicheng","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye &amp; ENT Hospital Fudan University  Shanghai 200032 China"},{"name":"Eye Institute, Eye &amp; ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College Fudan University  Shanghai 200032 China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration  Shanghai 200032 China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Fudan University  Shanghai 200032 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tongjie","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye &amp; ENT Hospital Fudan University  Shanghai 200032 China"},{"name":"Eye Institute, Eye &amp; ENT Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College Fudan University  Shanghai 200032 China"},{"name":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration  Shanghai 200032 China"},{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Fudan University  Shanghai 200032 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zimeng","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Eye &amp; 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