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Here we have investigated if inhibition of p38 mitogen\u2010activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) signalling could alleviate radiation\u2010induced testicular damage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Experimental Approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>In mice exposed to whole body radiation (2\u20106 Gy), morphological changes of the epididymis and testis was measured by histochemical staining. immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence procedures and western blotting were used to monitor expression and cellular location of proteins. Expression of genes was assessed by qPCR and RNA\u2010Seq was used to profile gene expression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Exposure to ionizing radiation induced dose\u2010dependent damage to mouse testis. The sperm quality decreased at 6 and 8 weeks after 6 Gy X\u2010ray radiation. Radiation decreased PLZF<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells and increased SOX9<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells, and affected the expression of 969 genes, compared with data from non\u2010irradiated mice. Expression of genes related to p38MAPK were enriched by GO analysis and were increased in the irradiated testis, and confirmed by qPCR. Levels of phospho\u2010p38MAPK protein increased at 28 days after irradiation. In irradiated mice, SB203580 treatment increased spermatozoa, SOX9<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells, the area and diameter of seminiferous tubules, sperm movement rate and density. Furthermore, SB203580 treatment increased SCP3<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells, accelerating the process of spermatogenesis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion and Implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>Exposure to ionizing radiation clearly changed gene expression in mouse testis, involving activation of p38MAPK signalling pathways. Inhibition of p38MAPK by SB203580 partly alleviated the testicular damage caused by radiation and accelerated the recovery of sperms through promoting spermatogenesis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.16217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,15]],"date-time":"2023-08-15T02:50:31Z","timestamp":1692067831000},"page":"393-412","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Inhibition of p38MAPK signalling pathway alleviates radiation\u2010induced testicular damage through improving spermatogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"181","author":[{"given":"Juan","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Preventive Medicine Nanchang University  Nanchang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangying","family":"Ou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public 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