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A faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiment was also performed by gavage of faecal content from donor SHR\u2010treated groups to SHR recipients for 3\u2009weeks.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Faeces from SHR showed gut dysbiosis, characterized by lower acetate\u2010 and higher lactate\u2010producing bacteria and lower strict anaerobic bacteria. All three drugs increased the anaerobic bacteria proportion, captopril and amlodipine restored the proportion of acetate\u2010producing bacterial populations to WKY levels, whereas hydrochlorothiazide decreased butyrate\u2010producing bacteria. Captopril and amlodipine decreased gut pathology and permeability and attenuated sympathetic drive in the gut. Both drugs decreased neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in the hypothalamic paraventricular nuclei. Hydrochlorothiazide was unable to reduce neuroinflammation, gut sympathetic tone and gut integrity. FMT from SHR\u2010amlodipine to SHR decreased BP, ameliorated aortic endothelium\u2010dependent relaxation to acetylcholine, lowered NADPH oxidase activity, aortic Th17 infiltration and reduced neuroinflammation, whereas FMT from SHR\u2010hydrochlorothiazide did not have these effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>First\u2010line antihypertensive drugs induced different modifications of gut integrity and gut dysbiosis in SHR, which result in no contribution of microbiota in the BP lowering effects of hydrochlorothiazide, whereas the vasculo\u2010protective effect induced by amlodipine involves gut microbiota reshaping and gut\u2010immune system communication.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.16410","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]],"date-time":"2024-05-21T05:33:45Z","timestamp":1716269625000},"page":"3420-3444","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Differing contributions of the gut microbiota to the blood pressure lowering effects induced by first\u2010line antihypertensive drugs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"181","author":[{"given":"Cristina","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez\u2010Correa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM) University of Granada  Granada Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs. 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