{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T20:54:08Z","timestamp":1791924848328,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,2]],"date-time":"2024-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Demand for new antidepressants has resulted in a re\u2010evaluation of the therapeutic potential of psychedelic drugs. Several tryptamines found in psilocybin\u2010containing \u201cmagic\u201d mushrooms share chemical similarities with psilocybin. Early work suggests they may share biological targets. However, few studies have explored their pharmacological and behavioural effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Experimental Approach<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We compared baeocystin, norbaeocystin and aeruginascin with psilocybin to determine if they are metabolized by the same enzymes, similarly penetrate the blood\u2013brain barrier, serve as ligands for similar receptors and modulate behaviour in rodents similarly. We also assessed the stability and optimal storage and handling conditions for each compound.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      enzyme kinetics assays found that all compounds had nearly identical rates of dephosphorylation via alkaline phosphatase and metabolism by monoamine oxidase. Further, we found that only the dephosphorylated products of baeocystin and norbaeocystin crossed a blood\u2013brain barrier mimetic to a similar degree as the dephosphorylated form of psilocybin, psilocin. The dephosphorylated form of norbaeocystin was found to activate the 5\u2010HT\n                      <jats:sub>2A<\/jats:sub>\n                      receptor with similar efficacy to psilocin and norpsilocin in\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      cell imaging assays. Behaviourally, only psilocybin induced head twitch responses in rats, a marker of 5\u2010HT\n                      <jats:sub>2A<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2010mediated psychedelic effects and hallucinogenic potential. However, like psilocybin, norbaeocystin improved outcomes in the forced swim test. All compounds caused minimal changes to metrics of renal and hepatic health, suggesting innocuous safety profiles.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Collectively, this work suggests that other naturally occurring tryptamines, especially norbaeocystin, may share overlapping therapeutic potential with psilocybin, but without causing hallucinations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.16466","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,2]],"date-time":"2024-06-02T19:16:46Z","timestamp":1717355806000},"page":"3627-3641","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Pharmacological and behavioural effects of tryptamines present in psilocybin\u2010containing mushrooms"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"181","author":[{"given":"Ryan J.","family":"Rakoczy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Miami University  Oxford Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grace N.","family":"Runge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Miami University  Oxford Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhishek K.","family":"Sen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Paper, and Biomedical Engineering Miami University  Oxford Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oscar","family":"Sandoval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Miami University  Oxford Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hunter G.","family":"Wells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Miami University  Oxford Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quynh","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Paper, and Biomedical Engineering Miami University  Oxford Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brianna R.","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Miami University  Oxford Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jon H.","family":"Sciortino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Miami University  Oxford Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"William J.","family":"Gibbons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Paper, and Biomedical Engineering Miami University  Oxford Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas M.","family":"Friedberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical, Paper, and Biomedical Engineering Miami University  Oxford Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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