{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T06:49:42Z","timestamp":1792651782962,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,20]],"date-time":"2025-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vasoreactivity of pulmonary arteries regulates blood flow through the lungs. Excessive constriction of these vessels contributes to pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), a progressive and incurable condition, resulting in right heart failure. The search for new and improved drug treatments is hampered by laboratory models that do not reproduce the vasoactive behaviour of healthy and diseased human arteries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Experimental Approach<\/jats:title><jats:p>We have developed an innovative technique for producing miniature, three\u2010dimensional arterial structures that allow proxy evaluation of human pulmonary artery contractility. These \u201cengineered pulmonary artery tissues\u201d or \u201cEPATs\u201d are fabricated by suspending human pulmonary artery vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in fibrin hydrogels between pairs of silicone posts, located on custom\u2010made racks, in 24\u2010well culture plates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>EPATs exhibit rapid, robust and reproducible contraction responses to vasoconstrictors (KCl, ET\u20101, U46619) as well as relaxation responses to clinically approved PAH vasodilatory drugs that target several signalling pathways, such as bosentan, epoprostenol, selexipag and imatinib. EPATs composed of pulmonary artery VSMCs from PAH patients exhibit enhanced contraction to vasoconstrictors and relaxation in response to vasodilators. We also demonstrate the incorporation of endothelial cells into EPATs for the measurement of endothelium\u2010dependent dilatory responses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion and Implications<\/jats:title><jats:p>We demonstrate the capacity and suitability of EPATs for studying the contractile behaviour of human arterial cells and preclinical drug testing. This novel biomimetic platform has the potential to dramatically improve our understanding and treatment of cardiovascular disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.17462","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T02:24:56Z","timestamp":1740104696000},"page":"2585-2602","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Engineered pulmonary artery tissues for measuring contractility, drug testing and disease modelling"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"182","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9975-3795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam L.","family":"Fellows","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart &amp; Lung Institute Imperial College London  London UK"},{"name":"Imperial College Advanced Hackspace Imperial College London  London 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