{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T10:22:17Z","timestamp":1792059737818,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":269,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,15]],"date-time":"2025-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749945600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,15]],"date-time":"2025-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749945600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Currently, the most actively investigated rapidly acting antidepressants, anxiolytics and\/or anti PTSD agents, include psychedelics e.g. psilocybin, LSD,\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010dimethyltryptamine, ayahuasca; non\u2010hallucinogenic entactogens, e.g. MDMA; psychoplastogens which rapidly promote neuroplasticity, e.g. ibogaine, ketamine and esketamine; and other atypicals e.g. dextromorphan\/bupropion, esmethadone. Late\u2010stage clinical trials support psychedelics and\/or MDMA\u2010assisted psychotherapy as rapidly acting treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD), treatment\u2010resistant depression (TRD), PTSD or generalised anxiety disorders (GAD). Psilocybin, MDMA and LSD were granted FDA breakthrough status for TRD\/MDD, PTSD and GAD, respectively, although FDA recently rejected the new drug application of MDMA in PTSD. Most of these drugs target the 5\u2010HT and monoamine systems. Classical psychedelics act as 5\u2010HT\n                      <jats:sub>2A<\/jats:sub>\n                      receptor agonists, although LSD, DMT and psilocybin target other 5\u2010HT and\/or dopamine receptors. Psychedelic\u2010dependent 5\u2010HT\n                      <jats:sub>2A<\/jats:sub>\n                      receptor agonism also has profound anti\u2010(neuro)inflammatory effects. Advanced imaging studies suggest that brain 5\u2010HT levels are reduced in depression. Functional magnetic resonance studies show that neural networks (cortico thalamic, salience, default mode) are profoundly impaired in depression. Such network defects are corrected upon psychedelic\/entactogen treatment, offering a unique opportunity to serve as biomarkers for depression, anxiety and PTSD precision medicine trials. Psychedelics and entactogens target common end pathways, namely neuroplasticity\/synaptogenesis, either directly via monoamine or glutamate receptors and\/or indirectly, via BDNF and mTORC1 pathways. Together, these findings strongly support a biological basis for MDD, GAD, PTSD and related conditions, which can be considered as mixed biochemical, neurological and neuroimmune disorders, and are profoundly modified by psychedelics, entactogens and the newly developed psychoplastogens.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>LINKED ARTICLES<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This article is part of a themed issue Emerging Therapeutic Opportunities for Psychedelic and Related Drugs. To view the other articles in this section visit\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/bph.v183.14\/issuetoc\">http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/bph.v183.14\/issuetoc<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.70088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,15]],"date-time":"2025-06-15T19:58:41Z","timestamp":1750017521000},"page":"3897-3919","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Psychedelics, entactogens and psychoplastogens for depression and related disorders"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"183","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1405-7089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Hoyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences The University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine The Scripps Research Institute  La Jolla California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pa.12.040172.001105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3908(76)90102-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/0048-5713-19940301-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"LSD and phenethylamine hallucinogens\u2014Common sites of neuronal action. 50 years of LSD","volume":"50","author":"Aghajanian G. 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