{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T04:55:52Z","timestamp":1773032152908,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754438400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Chronic pain affects nearly 30% of the global population. Because of significant adverse effects of opioids, alternative therapies are urgently needed. In a drug discovery project, we identified grifolic acid (GA) as a potent Na\n                      <jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub>\n                      1.7 antagonist. Here, we have evaluated its biophysical properties and efficacy in animal pain models.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Experimental Approach<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A mechanistic investigation of GA was carried out on dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, and various stable cell lines, using whole\u2010cell patch clamp techniques. Site\u2010directed mutagenesis and molecular docking analyses also were performed to identify the binding pocket of GA on Na\n                      <jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub>\n                      1.7. The antinociceptive efficacy of GA was evaluated in inflammatory pain models.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      GA exhibited state\u2010dependent blockade of Na\n                      <jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub>\n                      1.7 channels and modulated channel gating kinetics. It suppressed native Na\n                      <jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub>\n                      currents and action potential (AP) firing in DRG neurons. GA inhibited the increase in action potential firing frequency in DRG neurons induced by inflammatory mediators. Mutational and molecular docking studies revealed that GA and bupivacaine targeted anaesthetics binding sites, with their use\u2010dependent properties almost abolished in the F1737A mutant. In formalin and CFA\u2010induced inflammatory pain models in male mice, GA demonstrated analgesic effects comparable to, or exceeding, those of the indomethacin, lidocaine and carbamazepine. GA showed minimal effects on skeletal muscle function but exhibited an inhibitory effect on the Ca\n                      <jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub>\n                      2.2 channel.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      GA is a state\u2010dependent sodium channel and Ca\n                      <jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub>\n                      2.2 channel antagonist with potent analgesic effects. These findings support its potential as an antinociceptive agent in the treatment of chronic pain conditions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.70165","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T02:00:24Z","timestamp":1754532024000},"page":"5826-5846","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Grifolic acid, a FFAR4 agonist, identified as a dual antagonist of voltage\u2010gated sodium and Ca\n                    <sub>V<\/sub>\n                    2.2 channels with potent antinociceptive effects"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"182","author":[{"given":"Miao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuchen","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jimei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jungui","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1744-990X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haibo","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.309202"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","first-page":"S145","article-title":"The concise guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2023\/24: Ion channels","volume":"180","author":"Alexander S. 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