{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:17:42Z","timestamp":1787753862151,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768348800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,14]],"date-time":"2026-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768348800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007195","name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Napoli Federico II","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Fondo000005_FFABR_2017_A_Rossi_001_001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Fondo000005_FFABR_2017_A_Rossi_001_001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007195","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007569","name":"Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007569","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive interstitial lung disease, mainly affecting adult males. Although it exhibits a primarily fibrosing imprint, it serves as a model for understanding inflammation\u2010driven interstitial lung diseases that can evolve into PF. We analysed the interplay between inflammation and fibrosis, in relation to sex in a mouse model of PF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Experimental Approach<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adult C57BL\/6 mice of both sexes were treated with subcutaneous bleomycin injection (3 times a week for 1\u20134\u2009weeks). We used RT\u2010PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry, along with ELISA, flow cytometry and mass spectrometry (UPLC\u2010MS\/MS) to analyse our results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Male mice developed more severe fibrosis, with higher levels of collagen, and enhanced pulmonary epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition, compared with females. Males also showed early cell infiltration (neutrophils and macrophages) during the initial stages, followed by loss of lung architecture and an exacerbated development of fibrosis. In contrast, females exhibited physiological resolution of lung inflammation after 2\u2009weeks of bleomycin treatment. In males, PF was associated with increased pro\u2010inflammatory\/fibrotic mediators (TGF\u2010\u03b2 and IL\u20101\u03b2) and decreased anti\u2010inflammatory\/anti\u2010fibrotic factors (IFN\u2010\u03b3, miRNA\u2010214\u20103p, miRNA\u201096\u20105p and PGE\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), particularly in the early phase of fibrosis. Pre\u2010treatment with pirfenidone reversed fibrosis features more effectively in males, impacting anti\u2010fibrotic miRNA\u2010214\u20103p and miRNA\u201096\u20105p.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our data suggest that while inflammation occurs in both males and females during the early stages of PF induction, exacerbated fibrosis is observed only in males. Additionally, pirfenidone demonstrated greater activity in male mice, highlighting the need to consider potential sex\u2010specific pharmacotherapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.70304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T06:42:14Z","timestamp":1768459334000},"page":"2391-2405","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Sex\u2010related susceptibility to pulmonary fibrosis development in mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"183","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6350-5191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danilo","family":"D'Avino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery University of Naples Federico II  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4363-7728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ida","family":"Cerqua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery University of Naples Federico II  Naples Italy"},{"name":"GENESIS \u2013 Interdepartmental Research Centre in Gender Medicine University of Naples Federico II  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2697-9339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucianna","family":"Maruccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production University of Naples Federico II  Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0895-977X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katharina P. 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