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This underscores the need for novel, targeted therapeutic approaches. Current treatment in gastroenterology often relies on conventional analgesics, including opioids, which are associated with adverse effects and limited long\u2010term efficacy. As a result, alternative pharmacological options need to be explored. Neuromodulators, such as tricyclic antidepressants and gabapentinoids, have demonstrated therapeutic benefit, particularly in the context of central sensitization. Advances in the understanding of molecular mediators, including neurokinins, have prompted the development of receptor\u2010targeted therapies. Nonetheless, clinical evidence remains limited and warrants further investigation. In parallel, non\u2010pharmacological strategies, including neurostimulation and psychotherapy, are being explored. 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