{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T20:38:45Z","timestamp":1791837525596,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770768000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Pre\u2010eclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy\u2010associated disorder characterized by immune imbalance, inflammation and gut dysbiosis. It remains a major cause of maternal and foetal complications. This study aimed to explore the therapeutic effects of berberine, a key active compound from\n                      <jats:italic>Coptidis Rhizoma<\/jats:italic>\n                      , on immune regulation and gut microbiota in an LPS\u2010induced pre\u2010eclampsia mouse model.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Experimental Approach<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      , pregnant mice were administered lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce pre\u2010eclampsia\u2010like symptoms, followed by berberine treatment. Physiological parameters, placental histology, cytokine profiles and gut microbiota compositions were assessed.\n                      <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      assays evaluated berberine impact on macrophage polarization and inflammatory responses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>In vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      , berberine significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure, urinary protein levels and placental structural damage, while improving foetal and placental weights. It restored Th1\/Th2 balance by reducing M1 macrophage markers (iNOS, IL\u20101\u03b2, TNF\u2010\u03b1) and increasing M2 markers (ARG1, IL\u201010, TGF\u03b21). Gut microbiota analysis revealed higher alpha diversity and distinct microbial composition in berberine\u2010treated mice, with genus\u2010level changes, including increased\n                      <jats:italic>Muribaculaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                      and reduced\n                      <jats:italic>Mucispirillum<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Functional predictions suggested pathways related to amino acid metabolism were modulated.\n                      <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      assays confirmed that berberine promoted M2 polarization and suppressed M1\u2010related inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 macrophages. Mechanistically, berberine may interact with the HSP90\/NF\u2010\u03baB pathway to modulate M1\/2 polarization.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Berberine exhibits potential as a multi\u2010target therapeutic agent for pre\u2010eclampsia by modulating immune responses and gut microbiota composition. These findings demonstrate berberine potential as a multi\u2010target therapeutic agent for pre\u2010eclampsia by modulating immune responses and gut microbiota.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.70328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T22:35:05Z","timestamp":1770849305000},"page":"2761-2782","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Berberine alleviates pre\u2010eclampsia by modulating M1\/M2 macrophage polarization and T helper (Th1\/Th2) cells cytokine balance"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"183","author":[{"given":"Ailan","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuwen","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of 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