{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T11:35:16Z","timestamp":1790422516766,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Testicular torsion, a urological emergency, can lead to testicular dysfunction or infertility due to ischaemia\u2013reperfusion injury, yet current interventions remain limited. Although sevoflurane, an inhaled anaesthetic, has shown organ\u2010protective effects against ischaemia\u2013reperfusion injury in the heart and brain, its role in testicular ischaemia\u2013reperfusion injury is unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Experimental Approach<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A rat model of acute (720\u00b0 with 3\u2010h ischaemia\/3\u2010h reperfusion) and long\u2010term (720\u00b0 with 1\u2010h ischaemia\/3\u2010day reperfusion) testicular ischaemia\u2013reperfusion injury was set up to explore the protective effects and mechanisms of preconditioning and post\u2010conditioning with sevoflurane.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>1.5 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) sevoflurane for 30\u2009min significantly mitigated acute ischaemia\u2013reperfusion injury, as shown by reductions in bilateral testicular oedema, oxidative stress (lower MDA levels), inflammation (decreased TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20106) and apoptosis (reduced Bax\/Bcl\u20102 ratio). Long\u2010term, it alleviated testicular atrophy and enhanced sperm count, motility and spermatogenesis. Mechanistically, sevoflurane activated ERK1\/2 phosphorylation in the RISK pathway, with its protective effects being abolished by the ERK1\/2 inhibitor U0126.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion and Implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sevoflurane exerts acute and chronic protective effects against bilateral testicular ischaemia\u2013reperfusion injury via ERK1\/2 signalling and offers a novel pharmacological strategy to mitigate complications following de\u2010torsion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.70412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T06:38:00Z","timestamp":1774420680000},"page":"3450-3467","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Sevoflurane protects against testicular ischaemia\u2013reperfusion injury in 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