{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T16:35:06Z","timestamp":1793205306414,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EXC 2117 \u2010 422037984"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXC 2117 \u2010 422037984"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01KC2010A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01KC2010A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["bpspubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["British J Pharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) vaccines effectively prevent severe disease but induce primarily systemic immunity without mucosal protection in the respiratory tract, which is mandatory for protection from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102) infection and the prevention of viral transmission. Vaccination strategies capable of inducing local immunity at the site of infection are therefore needed. Here, we evaluated a poly (lactic\u2010co\u2010glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticle\u2010based vaccine co\u2010encapsulating the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 Spike protein with the TLR3\/RIG\u20101 agonist Riboxxim, employing a subcutaneous prime and intranasal boost immunization schedule.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Experimental Approach<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>BALB\/c mice received subcutaneous prime immunization followed by intranasal boost with PLGA microparticles containing RBD\/Riboxxim. Antibody responses were assessed by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), neutralization by competitive ELISA and T\u2010cell responses by enzyme\u2010linked immune spot assay, intracellular cytokine staining and flow cytometry. Memory responses were evaluated 30\u2009days post boost immunization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Vaccination induced robust RBD\u2010specific IgG and IgA antibody titres in both serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, with neutralizing capacity against the Wuhan\u2010Hu\u20101 strain. Strong CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      and CD8\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T\u2010cell responses were detected systemically and in the respiratory tract. Importantly, the vaccine generated durable immunological memory, including tissue\u2010resident memory T\u2010cells in the respiratory tract and long\u2010lived IgG and IgA memory B\u2010cells in secondary lymphoid organs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Implications<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PLGA microparticle\u2010based vaccination induces potent systemic and mucosal immune responses against SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 RBD. This adaptable platform represents a promising approach for mucosal vaccination strategies, with potential for rapid adaptation to emerging variants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.70423","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T11:00:32Z","timestamp":1775041232000},"page":"3619-3632","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["PLGA\u2010particle\u2010based vaccine induces SARS\u2010CoV\u20102\u2010specific antibody and T\u2010cell responses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"183","author":[{"given":"Dennis","family":"Horvath","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Immunology, Department of Biology University of Konstanz  Constance Germany"},{"name":"Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour University of Konstanz  Constance 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