{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T02:29:31Z","timestamp":1791944971614,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":181,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,25]],"date-time":"2019-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007698","name":"University of Florida","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007698","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biological Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Autotomy, the self\u2010induced loss of a body part, occurs throughout Animalia. A lizard dropping its tail to escape predation is an iconic example, however, autotomy occurs in a diversity of other organisms. Octopuses can release their arms, crabs can drop their claws, and bugs can amputate their legs. The diversity of organisms that can autotomize body parts has led to a wealth of research and several taxonomically focused reviews. These reviews have played a crucial role in advancing our understanding of autotomy within their respective groups. However, because of their taxonomic focus, these reviews are constrained in their ability to enhance our understanding of autotomy. Here, we aim to synthesize research on the ecology and evolution of autotomy throughout Animalia, building a unified framework on which future studies can expand. We found that the ability to drop an appendage has evolved multiple times throughout Animalia and that once autotomy has evolved, selection appears to act on the removable appendage to increase the efficacy and\/or efficiency of autotomy. This could explain why some autotomizable body parts are so elaborate (e.g. brightly coloured). We also show that there are multiple benefits, and variable costs, associated with autotomy. Given this variation, we generate an economic theory of autotomy (modified from the economic theory of escape) which makes predictions about when an individual should resort to autotomy. Finally, we show that the loss of an autotomizable appendage can have numerous consequences on population and community dynamics. By taking this broad taxonomic approach, we identified patterns of autotomy that transcend specific lineages and highlight clear directions for future research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.12539","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,26]],"date-time":"2019-06-26T01:04:31Z","timestamp":1561511071000},"page":"1881-1896","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":100,"title":["The ecology and evolution of autotomy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"94","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7949-0254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zachary","family":"Emberts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University of Florida, 876 Newell Drive  Gainesville FL 32611 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Escalante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences, Policy, &amp; Management University of California, 140 Mulford Hall  Berkeley CA 94720 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip W.","family":"Bateman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioural Ecology Lab, School of Molecular and Life Sciences Curtin University  Perth WA 6845 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00346732"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/15685381-17000156"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00222938400770131"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biolinnean\/bly196"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0310.2006.01218.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00265-005-0096-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1665\/1082-6467-17.2.315"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7998.2008.00484.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/czoolo\/60.3.333"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2009.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","first-page":"157","article-title":"Morphology of female and male genitalia of Latrodectus revivensis Shulov, 1948 (Araneae, Theridiidae) with regard to sperm priority patterns","volume":"19","author":"Berendonck B. 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