{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T10:21:21Z","timestamp":1792750881299,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Biological Reviews"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>How diseases are transmitted within a multi\u2010host community is a complex biological process with important ecological and societal consequences. The intricacies of interspecific disease transmission determine when a disease can spread to a novel host, including humans (zoonosis), and the severity of emerging epidemics. Interspecific disease transmission also mediates long\u2010term disease prevalence within a multi\u2010host community which is at the core of the disease\u2013diversity relationship. Mathematical models play a central role in formulating predictions about spillover, prevalence, and the disease\u2013diversity relationship. Yet, how the complexity of transmission is captured (or not) by the assumptions of these models is often unclear. Here, we decompose the transmission process into five biological stages using bovine tuberculosis (bTB) as an illustrative example of transmission in a multi\u2010host system. We then examine the often\u2010implicit assumptions that classic compartmental models make about this process. We use the intuition gained from this decomposition to formulate hypotheses for how transmission can mediate outbreak potential, infection prevalence, and the amplifying or diluting effects of host diversity on disease prevalence. We further illustrate the key principles and implications of transmission with a diverse array of examples of multi\u2010host pathogens. Throughout we emphasise the role of evolution in shaping interspecific transmission, from the evolutionary relatedness of the hosts themselves to the adaptation of the pathogen to novel hosts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/brv.70027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T20:46:07Z","timestamp":1747341967000},"page":"1861-1876","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Multi\u2010host pathogen transmission and the disease\u2013diversity relationship"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"100","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6337-8092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marjolein E.M.","family":"Toorians","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, Biodiversity Research Centre University of British Columbia  2212 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. Jonathan","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, Biodiversity Research Centre University of British Columbia  2212 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada"},{"name":"African Centre for DNA Barcoding University of Johannesburg  P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006 Johannesburg 2092 South Africa"},{"name":"Department Forest &amp; Conservation Sciences University of British Columbia  2212 Main Mall Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ailene","family":"MacPherson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics Simon Fraser University  8888 University Drive Burnaby BC V5A 1S6 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2003.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000055360"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2016.0083"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2016.0097"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1711842115"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms7060182"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268802007148"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04788-w"},{"issue":"312","key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"On the role of natural enemies in preventing competitive exclusion in some marine animals and in rain forest trees","volume":"298","author":"Connell J. 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