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Except for subsyndromal\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , the prevalence of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010I is similar across most countries. Due to the child's immaturity, the presence of comorbid disorders, and divergent interpretations of manic symptomatology, it is difficult to diagnose\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      in youth. Youth with subsyndromal mania and family history of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , are at high risk to develop\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010I and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BP<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">II<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . Both the full\u2010syndromal BP and subsyndromal BP are associated with significant psychosocial difficulties and increased risk for use of substances, suicidality, legal problems, and services utilization.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bipolar disorder exists in youth, but it is difficult to diagnose. The recurrent nature and psychosocial morbidity associated with this illness during critical developmental stages call for comprehensive longitudinal evaluation and accurate recognition and treatment because delays in treatment are associated with poor outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/camh.12021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,11]],"date-time":"2013-02-11T06:06:44Z","timestamp":1360562804000},"page":"140-148","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Bipolar disorder in children and adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Boris","family":"Birmaher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine 3811 O'Hara Street Bellefield Towers Room 612 Pittsburgh PA 15213 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