{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T22:11:55Z","timestamp":1790719915953,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,14]],"date-time":"2016-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1468454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acamh.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Child Adoles Ment Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Specific reading disorder (dyslexia) is common in primary school students. Data on prevalence rates in Egypt are needed along with better screening tools to guide future research. We aimed to estimate the frequency of dyslexia in a sample of fourth and fifth graders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A cross\u2010sectional study was conducted in Eastern Cairo through multistage random selection of students from three governmental primary schools. A total of 586 students were recruited. Only 567 students fulfilled the inclusion criteria; they were subjected to screening by Goodenough Draw\u2010a\u2010Man test for intellectual quotient (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQ<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), the Reading Disability Test of Nasra Gilgil (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RDT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) to identify dyslexic children, Wechsler Children Intelligence Scale for thorough detection of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IQ<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , and the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K\u2010\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SADS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      \u2010\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PL<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) to detect psychiatric comorbidity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The frequency of occurrence of specific reading disorder (dyslexia) was 11.3% among the studied sample of Egyptian primary school students. The gender ratio was nearly 1.3:1 boys to girls. Comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders was found in 57.8% of the sample. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) was present in 33%, generalized anxiety disorder in 21.6%, and major depressive disorder in 16.2% of patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Dyslexia was prevalent in fourth and fifth graders. A meaningful presence of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ADHD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , anxiety, and depressed mood was detected in students. There is a need for better screening and awareness for early intervention and service provision. The cross\u2010sectional design, lack of collateral information, and records precluded inference of casualty. The lack of rural comparator and samples from other governorates limit generalization of results.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/camh.12174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,14]],"date-time":"2016-07-14T04:19:40Z","timestamp":1468469980000},"page":"209-216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Frequency of occurrence of specific reading disorder and associated psychiatric comorbidity in a sample of Egyptian primary school students"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Mona M.","family":"El Sheikh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Institute of Psychiatry WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health, Research &amp; Training Ain Shams University Hospitals Abbasseyia PO Box\u00a011657 Dair El Malak Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marwa A.","family":"El Missiry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Institute of Psychiatry WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health, Research &amp; Training Ain Shams University Hospitals Abbasseyia PO Box\u00a011657 Dair El Malak Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisham A.","family":"Hatata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Institute of Psychiatry WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health, Research &amp; Training Ain Shams University Hospitals Abbasseyia PO Box\u00a011657 Dair El Malak Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walaa M.","family":"Sabry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Institute of Psychiatry WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health, Research &amp; Training Ain Shams University Hospitals Abbasseyia PO Box\u00a011657 Dair El Malak Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul Aala A.","family":"El Fiky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abbassya Mental Hospital Ministry of Health Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heba I.","family":"Essawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Institute of Psychiatry WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health, Research &amp; Training Ain Shams University Hospitals Abbasseyia PO Box\u00a011657 Dair El Malak Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-005-1828-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"Association on Higher Education and Disability(2008).AHEAD[online]. 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