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Although\n                    <jats:italic>kabayanihan<\/jats:italic>\n                    (heroism) traditionally signifies collective service to the\n                    <jats:italic>bayan<\/jats:italic>\n                    (community), it now operates as cultural hegemony, reframing systemic neglect as personal virtue and depoliticizing chronic underfunding and exploitative labour. Through neoliberal critique and structural violence frameworks, I trace how heroic narratives normalize invisible labour, intensify emotional demands, and sustain burnout as an institutional outcome rather than an individual failing. Political elites benefit most from this trope; they substitute symbolic praise for material investment and evading accountability for structural failures. I do not dispute teachers' dedication; I call instead for dismantling the ideological structures that convert admiration into exploitation. Genuine educational reform requires fair labour conditions and a shift from the hero trope to structural justice, a lesson relevant across the Global South.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cars.70036","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T05:26:07Z","timestamp":1777613167000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Weaponized Virtue: Teachers\u2019\n                    <i>Kabayanihan<\/i>\n                    (Heroism) as a Form of Ideological Control and the Normalization of Systemic Neglect in Philippine Education"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1940-035X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louie","family":"Giray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Liberal Arts School of Foundational Studies and Education Map\u00faa University  Manila Philippines"},{"name":"Research Center for International and Global Higher Education Khazar University  Baku Azerbaijan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"Alliance of Concerned Teachers.2024.Tell It to SunStar: New School Year New Burdens amidst Old Education Crisis.SunStar Cebu.https:\/\/www.sunstar.com.ph\/cebu\/tell\u2010it\u2010to\u2010sunstar\u2010new\u2010school\u2010year\u2010new\u2010burdens\u2010amidst\u2010old\u2010education\u2010crisis."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203083550"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","unstructured":"Aquino L.2019.In Far\u2010Flung Areas of Samar Teachers are Modern\u2010Day Heroes.Rappler.https:\/\/www.rappler.com\/moveph\/241837\u2010far\u2010flung\u2010areas\u2010samar\u2010teachers\u2010modern\u2010day\u2010heroes\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","unstructured":"Argosino F.2025.Overpriced\u2019 DepEd Laptops: Raps Set vs Briones Lao 12 Others.INQUIRER.net.https:\/\/newsinfo.inquirer.net\/2081266\/overpriced\u2010deped\u2010laptops\u2010raps\u2010set\u2010vs\u2010briones\u2010lao\u201012\u2010others."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203078662"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","unstructured":"Begas B.2025.DepEd Budget in Disarray: Sara Duterte Labeled \u2018Queen of Corruption\u2019 by ACT.Politiko.https:\/\/politiko.com.ph\/2025\/11\/18\/deped\u2010budget\u2010in\u2010disarray\u2010sara\u2010duterte\u2010labeled\u2010queen\u2010of\u2010corruption\u2010by\u2010act\/headlines\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"241","volume-title":"Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education","author":"Bourdieu P.","year":"1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7591\/9780801462658"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","unstructured":"Chan J. andS.Walker.2024.Filipino teachers need workload reform.Philippine Daily Inquirer.https:\/\/opinion.inquirer.net\/179491\/filipino\u2010teachers\u2010need\u2010workload\u2010reform."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","unstructured":"Chi C.2025.DepEd Finds One School With 98% Possible \u2018Ghost Students\u2019 in Voucher Program.Philstar.com.https:\/\/www.philstar.com\/headlines\/2025\/03\/20\/2429810\/deped\u2010finds\u2010one\u2010school\u201098\u2010possible\u2010ghost\u2010students\u2010voucher\u2010program."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00472330080000421"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/02619768.2017.1315399"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","unstructured":"dela Fuente S.2020.Teacher Crosses Dangerous Rivers to Bring Modules to Students in Remote Areas.Kami.com.ph.https:\/\/kami.com.ph\/120245\u2010teacher\u2010crossing\u2010river\u2010modules.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.69569\/jip.2024.0203"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","unstructured":"Dy\u2010Zulueta D.2024.Filipino Teachers Overworked by 400 Unpaid Hours Annually\u2014Study.Philstar.com.https:\/\/www.philstar.com\/lifestyle\/on\u2010the\u2010radar\/2024\/01\/05\/2297929\/filipino\u2010teachers\u2010overworked\u2010400\u2010unpaid\u2010hours\u2010annually\u2010study."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","unstructured":"Fan R.2021.Teaching is not Martyrdom.Psychology Today.https:\/\/www.psychologytoday.com\/us\/blog\/social\u2010emotional\u2010learning\u2010for\u2010teachers\/202104\/teaching\u2010is\u2010not\u2010martyrdom."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","unstructured":"Freire P.1970.Pedagogy of the Oppressed.Continuum International."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002234336900600301"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsoc.2025.1456269"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26811\/peuradeun.v10i1.691"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","volume-title":"Neoliberalism's War on Higher Education","author":"Giroux H. 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