{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T23:04:26Z","timestamp":1771369466001,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,22]],"date-time":"2012-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1350864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The testin (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TES<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>) gene was previously identified in the fragile chromosomal region <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FRA<\/jats:styled-content>7G at 7q31.2. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the candidate tumor suppressor function of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TES<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> and explore its correlations to clinicopathologic features and prognosis in breast cancer. In clinical samples, we showed that the expression of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TES<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> decreased gradually from normal through ductal hyperplasia without atypia, atypical ductal hyperplasia, and ductal carcinoma <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic>, to invasive ductal carcinoma. To explore the possible tumor suppressing function of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TES<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>, the expression of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TES<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> in breast cancer cells was manipulated by ectopic expression or by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>i. We revealed that ectopic <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TES<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> expression significantly inhibited cell proliferation, invasive ability, and angiogenesis, whereas knockdown of <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TES<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RNA<\/jats:styled-content>i enhanced cell proliferation, invasive ability, and angiogenesis. In an animal model, <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TES<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> markedly inhibited breast cancer cell xenograft formation in athymic nude mice and reduced breast cancer cell metastasis to lung. Moreover, we revealed that <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TES<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> inhibited the invasion and angiogenesis of breast cancer partially through miR\u201029b\u2010mediated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MMP<\/jats:styled-content>\u20102 inhibition. Using the tissue microarray of breast cancer from Yale University, we found that lower <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TES<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> expression was an independent prognostic factor for shorter overall survival and disease\u2010free survival with univariate and multivariate analyses. Taken together, these data suggest that <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TES<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>, as a valuable marker of breast cancer prognosis, plays an important role in the development and progression of breast cancer. <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TES<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> may be an effective novel target in breast cancer prevention and treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/cas.12020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,7]],"date-time":"2012-09-07T13:23:38Z","timestamp":1347024218000},"page":"2092-2101","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Testin is a tumor suppressor and prognostic marker in breast cancer"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Jiang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Breast Surgery Qilu Hospital, Shandong University Jinan 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